Evaluate the Organization’s Involvement and Responsibility to the Community Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the Organization’s Involvement and Responsibility to the Community Essay Evelyn Hamilton, Aaron Pobleh and Regina Taylor CJA/474: Managing Criminal Justice Personnel November 26, 2012 Instructor: Pam McIver The term motivation and empowerment is a universal concept that is hoped to work towards the good of any organization. Motivation and empowerment does not come from rewards to employees but instead, recognition, responsibility and advancement. Leaders who are effective in motivating and empowering their staff have acquired a great achievement, which can increase efficiency, and self development of skills and abilities. When employers are concerned about the welfare and needs of their staff, this provides trust among staff. The purpose of this paper is to compare motivation and empowerment, define the components of empowerment, analyze the implications of empowerment and delegation in a criminal justice organization and analyze the role of trust in personnel issues. Compare motivation and empowerment Motivation and empowerment are two words that are very popular in every workplace. Generally when one mention motivation, everyone would think it is what employer gives their employees, unfortunately, motivation in the workplace goes way far beyond that. Motivating your employees gives them authority to do more work for you and do it better. According to businessdictionary. com, motivation is both internal and external factors which desire and energize people to become committed to a job, role, or subject, or to strive to reach a goal. While empowerment is management practices which allow the sharing of information, power, and rewards with employees so that they can take initiative, and make decision to solve problems, and improve themselves as well as enhance their performance (www. usinessdictionary. com). Everyone need to feel empowered regarding their work ethic on the job or being assertive in life challenges and changes, but without the key elements of self-motivation, assertiveness and the ability to make good decision how would they be able to motivate others. Mangers of an organization should show through their behavior and actions how provide the necessary skills to be productive and efficient. This in turn will produce hap pier employees. Define the components of empowerment In order to be an effective leader a person would need to be empowering by those below them and therefore allow them to take initiative on their own. A leader that has poor management skill fails to empower anyone underneath him. For example, an office manager as well as a beginner officer within the work place or in the field must feel good about performing on their own and not feeling they will be overly scrutinized regarding their errors. They must not fear the aftermaths or punishments for taking individual decision making. When this happens, employees began to shun management for fear always doing something wrong. Employers should provide positive communication to their staff (National Empowerment Center). There was a research designed to examine the concept word of empowerment in this programs sponsored by multiple examiner of the criminal justice it was first anticipated to create a working definition. After research the â€Å"elements of empowerment were identified, including access to information, ability to make choices, assertiveness, and self-esteem. Empowerment has both an individual and a group dimension (Tom Roger, 2011). This research studied participants in self-help programs for people with no self-motivation and the need for encouragement. At the beginning of the study,† it was stated numerous of the individuals involved empower in their research. It’s obviously the important theory concerning the essential to defining meaning of empowerment as part of the development. Although it â€Å"recognized that empowerment had elements in common with such concepts as self-esteem and self-efficacy, these concepts did not fully capture what was considered a distinctiveness about empowerment† (Tom Roger, 2011). In an earlier â€Å"debates empowerment was† considered â€Å"complex, multidimensional concept, and that it described a process rather than an event†. It was never â€Å"believe that an individual had to display every quality on the list in order to be considered† empowered (Tom Roger, 2011). Analyze the implications of empowerment and delegation in a criminal justice organization Today the style and practices of police leadership is changing rapidly. The term shared leadership is one being used by many police chiefs all across the country. They believe that this approach to management by sharing power and influence to individuals within the organization, who are otherwise hierarchical unequal, will view their leadership as a leadership which looks at the broader aspect of giving authority to employees which will allow them to make decisions, solve problems, and be held accountable for their actions (Mussellwhite, 2007). Whenever officers are empowered they become dedicated to their jobs. Because they are given the skills, resources, authority, opportunity to be motivated and committed to their jobs, roles, or duties. Something which is refers to as being dedicated. Employees empowerment in a police department which delegate assignments, allow officers to take responsibility of their jobs results. It also allows them to make decisions about it. When officers are delegated with responsibilities, it makes them think in decision making, take control, behave, and take actions responsively, because they know that they will be held accountable for their actions. Police departments that apply employee empowerment create an environment in which their officers are empowered, productive and are happy in their jobs. Such police departments do not limit their employees to information (Heathfield, 2012). Analyze the role of trust in personnel issues. The role of trust in personnel issues involves how employees relate and respond to their employer. For example, if an employer is more concerned about getting the job done employees will pick up on that and will respond to their employer in a negative way. But when employers’ show that they truly care about their employee’s well being they will respond in a positive way. It would be in the organizations best interest for employers to take time to get to know their employees. Employers should empower their staff by allowing them to make important decisions in reference to their day to day duties. This will cause employees to respect their employers which will also lead to trust. When employees trust and respect the organization they will do the best possible work they are capable of doing. This in turn will lead to accountability on the part of the employee (Mussellwhite, 2007). When an employer gains the trust of their staff, they will know how to motivate each individual person for the best outcome of the organization. Employees understand that no organization is a perfect organization. When employees know and feel important to the organization, respect and trust will deepen. Respect and trust will take an organization to higher creativity and increased efficiency (Forbes. com, 2009). Positive communication is the cornerstone to empowerment and trust within an organization. When employers take the time to consider their staff opinions and feedback on daily operations, this can cause higher productivity and increase efficiently. Employers should share information about the organization with their staff. This provides for a clear picture of how the organization is progressing or not progressing. This also produces trust among employees because employers trust their staff (Mussellwhite, 2007). Conclusion In conclusion, this paper compared motivation and empowerment, defined the components of empowerment, analyzed the implications of empowerment and delegation in a criminal justice organization and analyzed the role of trust in personnel issues. Motivation and empowerment is about providing production and management guidelines to employees and then allows them to operate in an independent manner. Empowerment and delegation within the criminal justice system involves sharing power and influence to individuals within the organization, who are otherwise hierarchical unequal. This leadership looks at the broader aspect of giving authority to employees which will allow them to make decisions, solve problems, and be held accountable for their actions. The components of empowerment are about communication, feedback and productivity. Employees should be trained properly so that trust is gained through empowerment. A motivated and empowered employee will respect and trust the organization which will lead to accountability and responsibility. Leaders can gain great achievement when they effectively motivate and empower their staff into self development of skills and abilities. References Chris Musselwhite, 2007. Inc. Motivation=Empowerment; retrieved on November 22, 2012 from www. inc. com/resources/leadership/articles/20070801 Employees Empowerment: How to Empower employees. Retrieved on November 22, 2012 from www. humanresources. about. com/od/employeeempowerment Empowerment in the Workplace ttp://ezinearticles. com/? Empowerment-in-the-Workplaceamp;id=6541445 Make sure your employees trust you or else. Forbes. com 2009. Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/2009/03/23/trust-respect-employees-leadership-managing-blanchard. html. National Empowerment Center Article www. power2u. org/articles/empowerment/workingdef. html Susan Heathfield. 2012. What is Empowerment; Retrieved on November 22, 201 2 from www. businessdictionary. com/definition/empowerment. html What is Motivation; Retrieved on November 22, 2012 from www. Businessdictionary. com/definition/motivation. html

Hyperthyroidism Case Study

Hyperthyroidism Case Study Introduction Patient A is a 49 year old female of 76 kilograms and height of 161.5 centimetres. The patient has attempted to diet but has gained 11.3 kilograms in the previous months. The patient also sleeps for 14-16 hours a day. Her movements were slothful. The patients signs consisted of a slight enlargement of the neck area, coarse textured hair and dry skin. When her blood sample was analysed it showed that the hormone T4 (thyroxin) levels were 3.2 micrograms/millilitre which is lower than the normal range, 4.2-11.2 micrograms/millilitre. In addition to this her TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levels were high. Diagnosis The analysis of the weight gain using the diagnosis table shows that this could be as a result of hyperthyroidism or Cushing syndrome or hypothyroidism. The slothful behaviour could be caused by Addisons disease or hypothyroidism. The dry skin of the patient is consistent with the hypothyroidism condition. The swelling on the neck could be a goitre which results from a lack of iodine in the thyroid gland. Overstimulation causes the thyroid gland to swell. This swelling could also be a result of hyperthyroidism whereby the thyroid gland secretes too much thyroid hormone and the swelling also results, or it could be a thyroid tumour which also causes the swelling. [1,2] The signs and symptoms are consistent with either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and are on the thyroid gland. Cross-section diagram of the neck showing the thyroid gland (106.gif) http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Hypothyroidism-Underactive-Thyroid.htm Analysis of blood samples and effect of hormones on homeostasis The hormone T4 speeds up metabolic rates regulates the amount of oxygen used up by cells and regulates body heat. [3] The patients weight gain could be as a result of a decrease in the rate of digestion. Low T4 levels mean that not enough digestive juices are being secreted because T4 controls metabolic rates resulting in the slow movement of smooth muscles lining the stomach. T4 promotes the normal development of muscle tone and normal functioning of skeletal and cardiac muscles. This possibly explains why the patient is experiencing slothful movement. [1] In addition to this T4 also promotes the hydration of the skin, secretion of the exocrine glands and the growth of hair. The consequences of low T4 could explain why the patients hair is coarse and why the patient has dry skin. [1] To distinguish between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism a T4 and TSH test have to be done. [4] The TSH test is normally chosen for the evaluation of the thyroid function and for the symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. It is often done with or after a T4 test. The results of the tests performed show an elevated TSH level and a low T4 level which show that the patient has hypothyroidism. Condition Normal Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism Secondary TSH Normal Low High Low T4 Normal High Low Low [4] WHAT IS HYPOTHYROIDISM Hypothyroidism is a condition caused by the underactive functioning of the thyroid gland whereby the thyroid does not produce enough or does not even produce triodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4). [1] The thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped organ which is found inferior to the Larynx and in front of the neck. [1] If the thyroid is underactive hypothyroidism appears. They are two types of hypothyroidism and these are primary and secondary hypothyroidism. [4] Primary Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid does not produce T4 and T3 hormones at all. [4] Secondary Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid produces amounts of T3 and T4 which are below the normal levels. [4] The thyroid gland swells up in as a result of it trying to achieve homeostasis. The body has low T4 levels therefore the gland works even harder to try and produce more hormones and this causes an increase in the size of the gland. Causes 95% of the time the thyroid gland is not secreting sufficient thyroid hormone and this could cause the hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism could be an autoimmune disease. The immune system protects the body from foreign substances and infection. However, in this case the immune system mistakes the thyroid gland cells and enzymes, as foreign objects and attacks them resulting in the low production of thyroid hormone. [5] Hypothyroidism could also be as a result of Hashimoto disease (chronic thyroiditis). This is a genetic autoimmune disease which could also result the enlargement of the thyroid gland causing goitre. Goitre is a cyst like fibrous growth in the neck region and is caused by an immunologic dysfunction or by an infection and requires lifelong treatment. Stress, poor dieting and strenuous exercise could also cause an imbalance of hormones and leads to hypothyroidism. [6] Hypothyroidism can also result from low iodine concentrations in the body. Iodine is required for the proper and normal functioning of the thyroid gland hence insufficient amounts would cause a dysfunction. [5] The enlargement of the gland is an attempt by the thyroid gland to trap more iodine. X-ray radiation, drug abuse and pesticide residues also contribute to having an underactive thyroid gland. [7] Another way of acquiring hypothyroidism could be the after effect of a surgery for example on the removal of thyroid glands. The surgery could be performed on a patient with cancer or the Graves Disease but if partially removed it could fail to produce enough thyroid hormone necessary to regulate normal and necessary bodily functions. [7-8] Surgery could also be performed on the pituitary gland which sends instructions to the thyroid gland on how much thyroid hormone should be produced. [5] Any damage to the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus could cause hypothyroidism as they both p lay a role in sending signals to the thyroid gland so that it produces more thyroid hormone. In some cases the condition could arise from the use of drugs such as amiodarone, lithium interferon alpha, and interkulin-2. These drugs stop the thyroid gland from producing the thyroid hormone at a normal and are likely to trigger hypothyroidism especially in patients with a genetic tendency to auto immune thyroid disease. [5] Possible Treatment methods To treat hypothyroidism artificial hormones such as Levothyroxine or Liotrix can be administered to the patient so as to replace the hormones; T4, TSH or T3 that are lacking in the body. Iodine supplements or iodised salt for those with iodine deficiency can be effective as well. [9-10] The doses of the drugs are not fixed hence the medicine is only formulated when the amount of hormone in the patient has been determined, therefore the patient has to return for constant check-ups after 6 week intervals so that the blood samples and the hormones can be analysed again so that the dosage can be changed. [7-10] When treating the elderly that have a history of heart disease, low doses of the drug have to be administered as this could lead to a greater/increased risk of heart attack. [10] For the short term treatment of hypothyroidism, T hormones are used to inhibit the synthesis of TSH in the body. Hormone replacement is predominated by the prolonged effect of T hormones on the level of TSH present. For those who do not prefer drug therapy for hypothyroidism homeopathic remedies are also available. The homeopathic remedies such as Thyax and Thyroidinum 6C can be used to stimulate the thyroid gland to start to produce its own hormone. [11-12] Prognosis If the condition of hypothyroidism is detected early there is a high chance that the condition can be completely controlled using medicine. After treatment with drugs, the levels of thyroid hormones usually return to normal after several months, whereas in other individuals suffering from hypothyroidism, the disorder is a lifelong problem. [13] Their treatment should be taken consistently every day for the rest of their lives. [14] If hypothyroidism goes untreated it could lead to other complications. Low thyroxin levels cause the level of lipids and cholesterol to rise, causing the patient to suffer from heart disease. [13] In pregnant women there is an increased risk in having anaemia, still birth and serious bleeding after birth or it could lead to a myxoedema coma, which arises due to the low levels of thyroid hormone. [13-14] Advantages and disadvantages of chosen treatment methods With allopathic remedies there is a chance that if the drug dosage is too low it could cause hypothyroidism and if the drug dosage is too high it could lead to hyperthyroidism. The homeopathic remedies are the best treatment methods as compared to the supplementation medications as it aids the gland to function properly, whereas in the supplementation medications the gland could become too dependent on the drugs and throw the other glands in the body off balance. [12] If the doses of the artificial hormones are not check or changed, with time this could lead to hyperthyroidism. Prevention methods There are no medication preventative methods for hypothyroidism, but a healthy diet can protect and preserve ones health. The patient can take iodine supplements in their food and this reduces the risk of them contracting it. Exercising, getting enough sleep, relaxation are ways in which hypothyroidism future problems can be avoided. Exercise is another activity that boosts the levels of thyroid hormone therefore reducing the risk of hypothyroidism. [15] Conclusion There is no cure to the condition therefore the patient will have to keep taking medicine for the rest of their lives. The patient will have to go for constant check-ups in order to change the dose according to the thyroid hormone levels that they have, and the misuse of the drugs could make their condition worse. [16]

Can We Control Global Warming?

Can We Control Global Warming? Earth has a natural system of balancing the absorption and release the heat, which it absorbs from the sunlight, but for the last few years, the balance seems to be under severe threat. There has been enormous increase in gases like Carbon -dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide etc. As the temperature rises, there is rise in sea level, due to melting of glaciers and the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. While sea level is expected to rise almost every year but a considerable variation is seen now-a-days. In some regions, the rise in sea level may be almost nil, but the other might experience a rise of as much as twice the global average. The predictions are that the rise in sea level in some parts of north Pacific and to the west of Greenland may be comparatively more and it can spoil the ecological balance of the respective region. As per the latest reports of U.K. Met offices Hadley centre for climate prediction and research, global warming over the next century might turn out to be much worse than estimated. If the green house gas emissions are stabilised, which means immediate cut of 60-70% emission of carbon dioxide globally, even then the rise of atmospheric temperature would be 1Ãâ€"   C and the rise in would be approximately 1 metre. Based on the finding of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change, the centre predicted that warming overland could lead to a 6Ãâ€"   C rise in temperature by 2100, which is 2Ãâ€"   C higher than the earlier estimates. As per the findings of the joint study conducted by the Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi and Hadley Centre, the global warming may cause a good increase in rainfall in western coastline. GREENHOUSE EFFECT: Greenhouse effect is an effect caused when there is rise in temperature due to trapping of Suns rays in the Earths atmosphere. The heat and light coming from the sun can get through the atmosphere, but it cannot escape out. Due to this, the temperature of Earths surface rises. As we know that the greenhouse effect help to make the people to live on this Earth. These gases help to keep the atmosphere of earth warmer, but too many gases will make the Earth unusually hot, making the survival difficult here. All the living species would die because there will be no much food. Greenhouse Gases: The role of Greenhouse gases is to the heat and light that is emitted from the sun. When amount of gases in the Earths atmosphere will increase as a result they will larger amount of heat and light and the Earths surface will go warmer. It will be difficult to live in these conditions for humans, animals and plants. These greenhouse gases help in contributing greenhouse effect. Though green house gases are essential as there role is to allow the sunlight to enter the Earths atmosphere and to radiate it back after making the Earths atmosphere warmer. Thus greenhouse gases absorb this heat and trap it in Earths lower atmosphere. First, sunlight shines onto the Earths surface, where it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, greenhouse gases trap some of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped. Causes of Global Warming on our Environment: While arguments persist, there is a little doubt that human-produced greenhouse gas emissions play a major role in the current warming trend. Nature has a role, but it pales in the face of increasing emissions from human activity. Global warming means that the overall temperature of the earth is changing and getting to be warmer than it was before. The change in temperature can be a result of natural causes of global warming and those which are caused by humans. The gases that are natural causes of global warming are also called greenhouse gases. Although the gases are one of the natural causes of global warming, humans add to them by deteriorating the ozone layer and burning too many fossil fuels. NATURAL CAUSES: Along with human activities natural activities also emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Some of the natural occurrences which cause CO2 emissions include: Volcanic eruptions: Large amount of carbon dioxide is released from the volcanic eruptions. But the amount of CO2 released is much less from the amount emitted by human activities. Solar cycles and cosmic rays: A recent study released by a group of European scientists concluded that The chance of the natural cosmic-ray or solar irradiance explanation being responsible for more than 14% of the observed warming is quite negligible. Gases emitted from a volcano HUMAN CAUSES: 1. Carbon Dioxide From power Plants emission of carbon dioxide from the power plants is one of the most contributing factor for global warming. Large amount of CO2 is released in to the atmosphere from the power plants. According to recent researches, almost half of the carbon dioxide emission comes form the power plants. Natural gas, coal, and oil are the types of polluting power plants. Coal is the biggest contributor out of the 3 because of it releases more carbon than the rest of them. Power plants releasing CO2 2. Pollution emitted from vehicles There are almost, 3 billion vehicles being used today. Vehicles also emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Vehicles emit millions of tons of harmful gases into the air. In some populated cities of the world, this causes some of the smog that is mixture of fog and smoke and also causes ozone problems. Thousands of cases of cancer are reported each year from pollution. 3. Deforestation Deforestation means cutting of trees. Trees help in balancing the ecological system as they absorb carbon dioxide. The more trees that are lost, especially in temperate forest zones, the less carbon dioxide that is recycled into oxygen. 4. Use of Fertilizers With the increase in population the requirement for food has also increased. So to increase the productivity of the food fertilizers are used. The use of large amounts of fertilizers also contributes in global warming. Fertilizers emit large amount of greenhouse gas such as nitrous oxide, which also play a major role in global warming. 5. Methane Methane gas is released into the atmosphere the cattle and the rice fields. After carbon dioxide methane is the second largest contributor to the global warming. EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING: For a long time now the effect of mans industrialization and technological progress has quietly yet continuously eked away at the delicate balance of the planets atmosphere and ecosystem, but within the last 30 or so years the pace of this damage has markedly accelerated. Green house gases stay can stay in the atmosphere for an amount of years ranging from decades to hundreds and thousands of years. No matter what we do, global warming is going to have some effect on Earth. Here are some effects of global warming:- 1. Melting of Polar Ice Caps As expected, rising global temperatures are causing the glaciers to recede. It will raise the sea level. There are 5773000 cubic miles of water in ice caps, glaciers, and permanent snow. If all glaciers melt today the seas will rise about 230 feet. Luckily, thats not going to happen in a single day. But the sea level will rise, which will affect 3 billion of our population. Some of the glaciers have totally disappeared 2. Increased probability of heat waves and droughts Although some areas of Earth will become wetter due to global warming, other areas will suffer serious droughts and heat waves. Africa will receive the worst of it, with more severe droughts also expected in Europe. Water is already a dangerously rare commodity in Africa, and according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, global warming will exacerbate the conditions and could lead to conflicts and war. 3. Economic consequences Most of the effects of anthropogenic global warming wont be good. And these effects spell one thing for the countries of the world: economic consequences. Hurricanes cause do billions of dollars in damage, diseases cost money to treat and control and conflicts exacerbate all of these. 4. Diseases caused by increasing of earths temperature Thirty of the new diseases that emerged in the last 20 years, many thrive in warmer and wetter weather. Malaria one of its example which kills about 1 to 2 million people a year worldwide. About 90 % of new cases occur in Africa and Southeast Asia. Although the disease is almost rare in developed countries, that could change with global warming. As soon as 50 years from now, malaria could spread to parts of the world that are too cold to support life cycle of the mosquitoes and their parasites that transmit disease. 5. Warmer waters and more hurricanes As the temperature of oceans rises, so will the probability of more frequent and stronger hurricanes. It appears that global warming already has increased the frequency of heavy rains in the United States. Which is caused by warmer air can hold more water vapours than cooler air can, so when it rains it really pours. Preventive Measures: Never before in the history, global warming has drawn such attention of policymakers, academicians and the court at least in India. A lot of research has been done in the last a few years to find the suitable linkage between economic activities and global warming and a need for new technologies has felt in order to save our environment. We can reduce the demand for fossil fuels, which in turn reduces global warming. ROLE OE PEOPLE 1. Reduce, Reuse and recycle People must do their bit to reduce wastes by choosing reusable products over of disposables. Buying products with minimum packing will help to reduce wastes. If half of our household waste is recycled then we can save 1000 kg of carbon dioxide annually. 2. Using less heat and Air Conditioning Adding proper insulation to our walls of the house and applying weather stripping around doors and windows can result in lowering our heating expenditure more than 25%, by reducing the amount of energy we need to heat or cool our homes. While sleeping at night or away during the day we must turn off the heating appliances. We must keep temperatures moderate while using AC. 3. Drive less and Drive smart Global warming can be reduced by not using vehicles for every purpose. By not using vehicle for 25km for a week we can save 30kg of carbon dioxide emission to the air. Use of petrol and diesel must be reduced. Also while driving, make sure that the car is running efficiently. For example, keeping the tyres properly inflated can improve the mileage by more than 3%. 4. Afforestation It is assumed that planting more trees will solve the problem as the trees absorb more carbon dioxide, but is a wrong presumption. Planting more trees will absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in some parts of the world, but in the other parts, global warming may hamper the growth of trees or even may cause their destruction. Therefore, afforestation may not be a perfect solution to this problem. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT The government is doing many things to help stop global warming. The government made a law called The Clean Air Act so there is less air pollution. Global warming is making people get very bad illness that could make them disabled, very sick and sometimes even die. The Clean Air Act is making many companies to change product production to decline the problems. The laws made give the information that no one is allowed to put much pollutants into the air. The Clean Air Act has also made car companies to change something to reduce the amount of pollution caused by them. Also many schemes and co-operations are made by the government has been successful to some extent. Facts about global warming: 1. Antarctica home of thousands of penguins is getting hotter slowly and gradually. In Antarctica the annual melt season has increased up to three weeks in the last twenty years. 2. Mount Kili Manjaro has lost 75% of its ice cap since 1912. The ice on the Africas highest peak could vanish totally within next 15 years if no remedial measures are taken. 3. Venezuelan mountain peaks had only two glaciers today out of six. 4. Indias worst heat stroke killed more than 2500 people in 1998. 5. Polar Bears in Hudson Bay are having fewer cubes, possibly as a result of earlier spring ice break up. 6. Since 1950s, Arctic ice has declined by 15%. 7. Coral reefs suffer from the loss of algae that colour and nourish them. The process called bleaching is caused by Warmer Ocean. 8. Florida farmland up to 300 meters inland from Biscayne Bay is being in filtered by salt water rendering the land too toxic for crops. Salt water is also nibbling at the edge of the farms on Marylands eastern shore. Conclusion: The bottom line is coming and we have to figure out what can we do. Waters rising will be disaster, food will be affected and we need to plan for the catastrophies. This will affect every one of us and we all are in the heap of trouble and will soon accepting this fact. We should put serious effort to overcome the problems and strive as much as possible to reinstate our earth for the sake of our future generations. In the nutshell the global warming has become a grave threat to the ecological balance of the Earth. The civilization is slowly moving towards the doomsday. All the nations, particularly the most industrialized, developed countries have to be active to take immediate action on the matter, otherwise, the human race has to face an unimaginable peril and the day is not too far. MOTHER EARTH MAKES A CALL PRESERVE OR DESTROY ALL

The World of Phoenicia :: World History

The World of Phoenicia Around the 12th century BC, the Greeks gave the coastal region of the eastern Mediterranean the name Phoenicia. This name was so widely accepted that even the Romans adopted it at a later date. Phoenicia was the land between the Orontes River and Mount Carmel. The land was characterized early as the homeland or origination of the surviving Syro-Canaanite civilization. This unique civilization survived the many threats from other cultures of the 12th century BC. The Syro-Canaan civilization produced many interesting objects. Such objects included institutions, handicrafts, and maritime trading. All of these flourished immensely in Phoenician in this period (CANE, 1321). Phoenicia was neither a nation nor a country. Instead, Phoenicia was simply a "conglomerate of city-states that was distinguished from adjacent areas by its habitual outreach into the Mediterranean world" (Freedman, 349). Phoenicia was also known for its preferred dealing and trading with the Greeks and Indo-Europeans. Although it dealt and traded mainly with the Greeks, Phoenicia maintained a unique culture with its own religious beliefs, language, preferred trading techniques, and political setup. With help from their unique ways, the Phoenicians eventually began to expand through the Mediterranean, Near East, and the Middle East (Freedman, 349). Religion for Phoenicia, like many other Semitic cultures, played a very important role in the Phoenician culture. In the 12th century BC, the Phoenicians strongly believed in paganism and worshipped many gods. The gods' names, however, were not always consistent. Phoenicians had their own religious text, their own forms of prayer, and even had sacrifice within their culture. Gifts were also used as offerings and the Phoenicians also had a personal structure within their beliefs. All of these things helped form and keep the Phoenician religion quite unique and peculiar as well. Literary and epigraphic texts are part of the written sources of information about Phoenician religion. Literary texts include many sources such as the Hebrew Bible, Greek texts by Christian, classical, and Hellenistic writers. Epigraphic texts included cuneiform texts in Akkadian language and inscriptions in Phoenician language. One can easily notice all the different sources in which the Phoenician religious texts came about. Hence, the Phoenicians were exposed to many groups and many beliefs in which they built their own religious beliefs. It must be noted, however, that any source other than texts written by Phoenicians can not be solely relied upon and are secondary (Freedman, 358).

Breaking Out and Stepping Up Essay -- Literary Analysis, I just Wanna

In the stories, I Just Wanna To Be Average, by Mike Rose and The Achievement of Desire, by Richard Rodrigez, a timeline of their educational progress is exposed. Both are the offspring of minimally educated immigrant parents. Who’s families settled into the working-class of California. Without having their parents as scholastic role models, Rose and Rodriguez had to find their own way through the education systems. Despite the lack of supportive social conditions, both Rodriguez and Rose were inspired to surpass the status quo expectations environmentally bestowed upon them. Mike Rose, who wrote I Just Wanna Be Average, started his schooling with a bleak future. His lower class immigrant parents hoped that sending their son to Our Lady Mercy would put him on the track to success and surpass all of his family member’s level of education. Rose shares, â€Å"No one in the family had gone to college; only two of my uncles had completed high school† (166). Unfortunately, Rose ended up in the vocational program. A program that groomed students, not for college, but to better assimilate into the working-class. The vocational track is one that does not pave the way for a bright future. Its graduating class is comprised of underachievers who lack motivation and have no desire to get ahead. The same could be said about Mercy’s staff. Rose paints a picture of his educators by mentioning, â€Å"Civics was taken over by a football coach who had trouble reading the textbook aloud --and reading aloud was the centerpiece for his pedagogy† (163). Surrounded by stubbornly dense students, and less then enthusiastic teachers Mike Rose seemed to not have a chance. Much like Rose did not have the support of an educated role model within his school pr... ... shaped him, Rodriguez explains, †Without extraordinary determination and the great assistance of others --at home and at school -- there is little chance for success† (197). Being able to take the lack of support from his family and be grateful for the roll it played in his personal quest for knowledge is something to be admired. Although coming from different backgrounds, Mike Rose and Richard Rodriguez share a similar passion and lust for knowledge. They both used inspirations and determination to break out of a mold their family history created. Even though their means to academic success differed, the character gained from their individual experiences allowed for a change. Luckily both of these stories have a happy ending. One where both the â€Å"average joe† and the â€Å"scholarship boy† can overcome preconceived expectations and become who they want to become.

Conservation and Preservation Essay

The main distinction among the two points is conservation is utilizing an area’s supplies drawn upon at a sustainable proportion in array to gain from its resources and to additionally decrease environmental harms or changes. Preservation maintains natural uninhabited or inhabited only by wild animals, and relations and interactions between organisms and their environment without embarrassing it with anything unnatural. They are nature friendly all the same one allows us to work with natural resources by keeping up sustainability for coming generations although the other retains nature and its resources in their current condition. In a subject of belief, one is more excellent than the other for all that it may not capable of being done. I think we should be knowledgeable of our habitat and less dependent on resources from other countries. This appoints preservation least probable and conservation more beneficial. Provided that we could attain a different aspect to acquire the essentialities we need to carry on without bothering the natural state of the terrain, we will be capable to maintain and preserve. In the Bridger Teton (VLR) the folks think that the region is more priceless than the resources it may supply. They look at the land as incapable of being replaced in its natural condition even provided that nature friendly procedures were applied to acquire the resources it can contribute. We have developed into a civilization which has taken away beyond what we need. Being torn between the two sides I do not think that we must be taking any extra resources for our individual private boost, and I conclude that we should not be gathering more resources from the woodland area. All of it needs to be left alone. We should stick to working with the resources we have previously seized from the environment and economize rather than of taking more. A few methods we could preserve and conserve potential are working with wind or solar power when restoring even bring up to date constructed dwelling, making waste materials suitable for reuse, and  living an easier life in balance. Reference Chapter 2 Bridger Teton Video Learning Resource (VLR) https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/axia/sci275/multimedia/video/bridger_teton.htm

Civil Rights/Secret Life of Bees

Bridget Baker Mrs. McQuade Period 2 4/10/12 Racial Discrimination and Segregation In 1619 the very first African Americans arrived in America, coming over for the purpose of forced slavery. It’s been nearly four hundred years since then and African Americans are still not treated completely equal. But throughout the years major steps towards equality have been made and as a whole the United States is close to reaching this goal. The first key action taken was abolishing slavery in 1865, but African Americans didn’t start gaining equal rights until 1955 during the Civil Rights Movement.The African American Civil Rights Movement aimed to eliminate all racial discrimination and segregation in America and demonstrated throughout Sue Monk Kidd’s The Secret Life of the Bees. In America, African Americans were not only treated unequal, but looked down upon to the majority of whites. The Civil Rights Movement was from 1955 all through 1968 and was carried out through bot h violent and non-violent acts with the support of leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. MLK Jr. tood on the side of non-violence, believing that by getting the public’s attention to how blacks were being treated there would be a sense of sympathy and change of heart towards African Americans. During one of the non-violent protests, March of Washington, MLK Jr. gave the famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech to 200,000 civil rights supporters who were gathered at the front of the Lincoln Memorial, stretched past the reflecting pool. In this speech he said, â€Å"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. † These were some of the most powerful words during the Civil Rights Movement and exposed to the people the true hurt blacks felt. MLK Jr. s approach was very successful in the gaining freedom from oppression by white Americans, but Malcolm X also contributed to the movement. Malcolm X believed more in black supremacy and not as strongly about white and black integration.Though some views were different than MLK Jr. ’s, the overall idea was the same, which was shown in his famous â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† speech saying, â€Å"Human rights are something you were born with. Human rights are your God-given rights. Human rights are the rights that are recognized by all nations of this earth. Malcolm X talks about the human rights, which includes all races. With the help of leaders like MLK Jr. and Malcolm X, the nation focused on civil rights for African Americans, and slowly began to improve. With each year more rights, such as voting, were given to all blacks and the amount of segregation rapidly decreased. Some racial discrimination still exists, but has reduced majorly since the African American Civil Rights Movement. The Civil Rights Movement is such a significant part of America’s history that it has been an influence in books, movies, and much more.For example, in the novel The Secret Life of the Bees by Sue Monk Kidd black racial discrimination and segregation are exposed. The story is about a young white girl, Lily, who is raised mostly by her nanny and housekeeper, Rosaleen, who is African American. The first obstacle of racism that is shown is when Rosaleen is finally given the opportunity to vote after new law changes, but is taunted by white men on her way and is thrown in jail when she retaliates. Next, Lily finds herself in the house of three African American sist ers, seeking a place to live her.While contemplating lettering her stay, one of the sisters stress, â€Å"But she’s white†¦ â€Å" (Kidd 87). Though it seems as if it’s the white girl being discriminated against, but in reality blacks know the trouble that this gives themselves and how much trouble they could get in for this. The integration of blacks and whites was not only rare because it was looked down upon, but also because consequences would be given. Lily grows more than a friendship with a young African American and regardless of their feelings it’s nearly impossible for them to become anything more because of the fear of him getting in trouble for it.He explains this to her as, â€Å"Lily, I like you better than any girl I’ve ever known, but you have to understand, there are people who would kill boys like me for even looking at girls like you,† (135). Even those whites willing to integrate could not do it by themselves and during t he Civil Rights Movement it brought everyone together willing to desegregate races. It was not immediate, but racial discrimination and segregation have extremely lessoned. From the beginning of America an ongoing battle with African American discrimination has occurred.In the Declaration of Independence written in 1776 it states, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. † The fight for equality of blacks still is present, even though they are citizens of the United States of America. The Civil Rights Movement was a fight for African Americans to receive the rights and equality they should have been given since day one. Racial discrimination and segregation are what America claims to be against, and it was the Civil Rights Movement that slowly gave the equality to African Americans, as they deserve along with all Americans.