Goodbye, Superboy a Fond Farewell to the Last Romantic

Goodbye, Superboy! A Fond Farewell to the Last Romantic. MANILA, August 21, 2003 (STAR) BY THE WAY By Max V. Soliven - Much has been written about Ninoy Aquino, whose name needs no introduction to many of our readers. Commuters pass by his statue daily on Ayala Avenue in Makati’s Golden Mile, and another monument to him in Manila. But monuments and statues, and glowing encomiums do not a hero make. But my thesis is that today, Ninoy is a forgotten hero. There was so much hype in the first halcyon years after the overthrow of the tyrant Ferdinand E. Marcos, and too many silly celebrations, with excessive hoopla, of each succeeding anniversary of the EDSA people power revolution (and then an EDSA II, and, sanamagan, even an EDSA III†¦show more content†¦Ninoy had nudged me cheerfully in the ribs and exclaimed in a stage whisper, Eto na, eto na! Firing squad na tayo. (This is it, this is it. We’re going to the Firing Squad). Yet, they didn’t shoot us. They trucked us instead to Fort Bonifacio, where they sent a military chaplain to hear our confessions — thus reinforcing our conviction that we were to be executed. Once more, we were disappointed. All throughout, it was Ninoy, who surely realized he was the number one target, Marcos’ favorite bete noir, the dictator’s pet nemesis, tried to cheer us all up. The days of captivity stretched into weeks, the weeks into months. Nobody who has never been in prison can understand what you suffer from is simply being caged — you suffer from the uncertainty of it all, and from boredom. You never know when your military jailors, who have the power of life and death over you, will drag you out and shoot you, at any hour of day or night. After a while, the world outside becomes a memory — you begin to forget that there are streets with people and vehicles in them, and noise, and hustle and bustle, and bright colors and pretty girls. One gray day follows the other and you learn to live from one day to the next. Yet, I wasn’t bored, because I had Ninoy to entertain me. We talked, we read. We swapped ideas, jokes, argued ideologies. We dreamed dreams. We went jogging during the exercise hour and steeled ourselves to run a mile in seven minutes. It was then that I

The Diversity Of The Australian Curriculum - 972 Words

All students in education come from different backgrounds. Australia is a diverse, multicultural country with 44% of Australians born overseas or have one parent born overseas, Lawrence, Brooker, Goodnow, (2012, p. 75). Its diverse population is manifested in students who bring to class their ‘virtual bags,’ (Thomson, 2002), full of different cultures, languages, religious practices, value systems and customs which may alienate them from the dominant culture. Educators must create educational environments, which cater for all microcultural groups to experience educational equality, (Banks, 2006, p. 78); otherwise the learning spaces will become hotspots for issues of diversity and difference. The Australian Curriculum recognises that all students are entitled to high quality education and acknowledges that students’ needs and interests vary, and that schools and teachers will plan from the curriculum in ways that respond to those needs and interests, Australian C urriculum and Assessment Authority (ACARA, 2013). Therefore, educators have a greater responsibility to appreciate diversity and difference by examining their attitudes and beliefs and confront the biases, which influenced their value systems as it helps them to appreciate children’s perspectives that are different from their own. This will increase students’ success as educators apply strategies and pedagogy that welcomes and supports all students irrespective of their culture, ethnicity or race, gender, abilityShow MoreRelatedDiversity And Diversity Of The Australian Government Provides Educators With Curriculum, Assessment And Reporting Authority921 Words   |  4 PagesIt is important for educators to understand issues of diversity and difference to ensure no students are disadvantaged and all students are treated equally. While the Australian Government provides educators with curricula, the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) for Kindergarten educators and the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) for primary and high school educators, these curricula should be seen as guidelines and not black and white. Educators will constantlyRead MoreSchool Curriculum And The Early Years Learning Framework972 Words   |  4 Pagesmust acknowledge issues of diversity and difference and know how to approach these issues. There are two key documents that guide educators in their planning and implementation of curriculum; The Australian Curriculum and The Early Years Learning Framework. Using these two documents to create learning programs, educators must enact an inclusive curriculum that empowers all students, regardless of differences. For educators to understand and address issues of diversity and differences such as socio-economicRead MoreInclusive Curriculum : Education And Inclusive Education769 Words   |  4 PagesInclusive Curriculum In the 19th century, special needs learners, particularly students with disability have to be segregated in the special schools. However, over the past decades, humanity’s progress has occurred in acknowledging that students with special needs enjoy the same education rights as their peers. Nowadays, this group of student cohort has access to mainstreaming schools and inclusive education. In Australia, today’s classrooms are becoming increasingly diverse. According to AustralianRead MoreWhat Does Inclusive Education Means? Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesme as a teacher in 2014 and beyond? â€Å" In first being able to define inclusive education, it is necessary to understand the diversity of the student population. Disability comes in my varying forms and can be physical, sensory, intellectual, mental health and emotional, developmental, and non-visible (e.g. asthma). If disability was the only agent to consider in the diversity scenario things would be easier for teachers but there are a number of other classifications of students to consider: GiftedRead MoreRationale Of Curriculum Integration And Differentiation1705 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment 1 – Rationale Curriculum Integration and Differentiation 4000 Alyssa Hutchinson 15506357 The contemporary classroom is a rich blend of children from varied backgrounds, all with individual needs, interests and abilities. These students must be able learn in a context that is relevant to their lives and every day experiences as 21st century learners (Australian Curriculum and Reporting Authority, 2013). Integration or integrated curriculum at its core, is solely about making connectionsRead MoreWhat Does Culture And Diversity Mean?898 Words   |  4 Pagesuniverse of complexity and uncertainty. The global connectedness of the twenty first century means that everything in this world is interrelated and connected. Within the Australian context, due to globalisation and mass migration, Australia is ethnically and culturally diverse. Australia is also enriched with Indigenous Australian culture. A unique and multicultural community, Australia is therefore dynamic, diverse and constantly growing. This means that our schools are also dynamic, complex andRead MoreInclusion Essa y981 Words   |  4 Pagesor disability, and this forms the basis for Australia’s standards in human rights law (Ashman, 2008; Australian Human Rights Commission, 2008; Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education, 2008). The value of inclusive policy in society is reinforced as discriminatory behaviours relating to employment, education and law enforcement once commonplace are viewed harshly and treated seriously (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2008). Severe penalties for breaches of these standards requires service providersRead MoreWhy Should Schooling Change At Every State Border?1474 Words   |  6 PagesSecondary College, Stephen Buckle, in response to the proposal for a national curriculum. Using a well judged tone, Buckle argues that Australia needs to have a â€Å"common curriculum† in order to achieve unity across the country as Australians are â€Å"one people†. Opposing this proposal an anonymous writer of, â€Å"A single curriculum is not the answer† published in The Age contends in a dubious tone that a â€Å"Canberra-controlled curriculum† does not support independence. A cartoon by Job also responds to the issueRead MoreStudents Come From Different Soc ial And Cultural Backgrounds996 Words   |  4 PagesStudents come from different social and cultural backgrounds. Australia is a diverse, multicultural country with 44% of Australians born overseas or have one parent born overseas, Lawrence, Brooker, Goodnow, (2012, p. 75). In a diverse population students bring to class their â€Å"virtual schoolbags,† (Thomson, 2002), full of different cultures, languages, religious practices, value systems and customs which may alienate them from the dominant culture. Educators must create educational environmentsRead MoreThe National Quality Standard Requirements For Early Childhood Education1196 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment and and sensory awareness. Moreover, the children has to learn to take responsibilities of their actions therefore, the educators role has expanded as there is a more complex and diverse society. â€Å"In December 2009, all Australian governments, through the Council of Australian Governments (COAG), agreed to a partnership to establish a National Quality Framework for Early Childhood Education and Care (‘National Quality Framework’) for most long day care, preschool/ kindergarten, family day care and

Letter to Senator About Smoking Ban Free Essays

Dale Schultz Senator 17th Senate District Room 122 South State Capitol P. O. Box 7882 Madison, WI 53707-7882 Dear Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter to Senator About Smoking Ban or any similar topic only for you Order Now Schultz, My name is Juan Jimenez, I have been a citizen and active voter of Wisconsin for over 8 years now, and while I may not agree with some of the states past decisions, I do commend the job you and your colleagues have done. That being said, I am writing in regards to the public smoking ban that the state legislation committee is currently considering. I, and many others like me, do not support this proposed bill and I will tell you why. I do agree that a smoking ban is reasonable in some places. Between the age of most students and the declined health of hospital patients, it makes sense to ban smoking in the areas of schools and hospitals. I will also agree that smoking in a restaurant is something most everyone looks ill upon. Now bars, on the other hand, are a different story. According to taxpolicycenter. org, Wisconsin collects over 50 million dollars annually in alcohol tax revenues. Many of the bars that those taxes come from have a majority of patrons who enjoy smoking while they relax and have a drink. If they are no longer allowed to smoke in their local bar, they may just stay home, which results in lost income for local businesses, as well as, lost tax revenue for the state. As far as banning smoking in front of public building entrances, I agree due to the fact that people have to enter and exit through there. However, parking lots and parking garages offer a wide area of outdoor air and space. It’s not inconceivable that one who doesn’t want to smell smoke would quite easily be able to avoid such encounters. Having a mandatory smoking area a set distance from entrances makes sense. 1000 feet away, however, is an xtremely ridiculous proposal. Ultimately, this is about the freedom of choice and ones right to exercise that freedom. If smoking in public can be reasonably regulated, then non-smokers and smokers would be able to enjoy the same rights of choice. You, Mr. Schultz, as an elected official, must look out for all of your constituent’s freedoms. This c urrent government has far more important matters to focus time and energy toward, like our economy and the massive overspending that has become commonplace. I would like to see you take action against such frivolous rule making and vote no. Thank you for your support. Sincerely, How to cite Letter to Senator About Smoking Ban, Papers

Critically Analyze The Leadership Qualities Of A Role Model - samples

Question: Discuss about the Critically Analyze The Leadership Qualities Of A Role Model. Answer: Introduction Leadership has an important role to play in the success of an organization. The leader of the organization sets a clear goal for the employees along with individual objectives. A clear objective and potential leadership can lead the employees to work with full motivation which adds value to the organization (Antonakis and Day 2017). This assignment will critically analyze the leadership qualities of a role model. The way in which an individual can work on his characteristic traits to build the leadership qualities through the stages of observation, feedback and self- reflection will be focused on. A hotel manager has been selected as the role model for this particular assignment. Observation For the observation stage an effective and successful leader has been selected who will be considered as the role model. Mr. Romeo is the general manager of a five star hotel in Myanmar. He is a native of Philippine and completed his Master degree in Business Administration from Berkeley University. He has been working in the hotel industry for more than 20 years and he has been in the position of a general manager for 10 years. Traits and behaviors The reason behind choosing him as the role model is that he is quite famous for his leadership skills. According to Cameron et al. (2014) effective communication, motivating quality, positive attitude and trust worthiness are some of the leadership skills which were related to Mr. Romeo. Moreover he knows how to act in a responsible way and has always been successful in showing dedication towards the tasks. The acquaintance was built up when I had worked as a part timer in the same hotel in the department of food and beverage. While working in the hotel I got to know more about him such as his brilliant working and leading ways to motivate the staff members. As per Boezeman and Ellemers (2014) an effective leader needs to follow participative style where inputs from the employees are considered valuable. Mr. Romeo followed the same and his leadership capabilities inspired me to continue in the same hotel as an intern longer than I had intended to. I saw the spark in him as a leader a nd his way to mould the team by motivation in order to get back their trust and respect. Power and Intelligence While working with him I had observed his leadership qualities such as being honest and dedicated towards the work and tried to imbibe those within me. Cameron et al. (2014) had mentioned that a leader should not show false hopes or cheat on his team. He had possessed all the traits of a leader such as intelligence, inner motivation, maturity, attitude of an HR, self- confidence, foresightedness, adaptability and open mindedness, responsibility and objectivity. Thus his leadership traits can be linked with the Trait Theory which systematically evaluates the leaders. In this theory, the personal characteristics of a leader are considered as the main factors of leadership success. This theory takes into consideration the personality, social, physical and also intellectual characteristics which distinguish a leader from a commoner. For instance, my role model Mr. Romeo satisfies all the factors of Trait Theory. He is adaptable to situations, assertive, cooperative, decisive, self- confi dent and also possesses other qualities required from a leader (Cashman 2017). He has gained the necessary power and intelligence through years to train and lead his team in a successful way. The role model has all the necessary traits that could link him with the Trait Theory. Contingency While the leader had acquired all the characteristics through years but he had a flexible nature. Through his elastic nature he could gel easily with any one in any kind of situation. Such a unique characteristic quality in his nature led him adapt to tough situations and change his leadership quality accordingly. As Chemers (2014) had stated that leadership is a process by which an individual influence others for attaining the goals to make superior working environment within the organization. There are different leadership styles such as visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting and commanding and each of these have their own functions. The functions are mobilizing the team towards a vision; developing them for the coming days; creating friendly bonds; building harmony through participation; expecting self direction and excellence; demanding immediate compliance respectively. Mr. Romeo had possessed all these behavior within him and implemented them as per the requi rement of the situation. This change in leadership characteristic of Mr. Romeo can be linked with the Behavioral Theory which analyses the leader on his actions and activities. As per this theory, leadership is the outcome of effective role behavior (Collinson 2014). It is believed that the actual leadership is shown by a persons behavior and not by his traits which is contradictory to the Trait Theory. This theory aims to stress on the behavior of the leader and not on his traits. Effective leadership qualities Daft (2014) had stated that leadership qualities are either innate or acquired. All the great leaders are not born with the leadership qualities but there are some who have possessed or acquired those in their lifetime. Mr. Romeo was one such great leader who not only bore the inborn qualities but also groomed himself to acquire those which he lacked. In order to know more about his leadership qualities, I wanted to talk to him so that I can gain some more knowledge about efficient team handling. While talking to him I got to know that he has not gained these qualities overnight but gradually. He said that he has groomed himself to reach this place. Initially he used to get nervous while managing a team. But with the passage of time he tried to understand his team by keeping himself in their place and what they desire. To understand the same, he had held continuous team discussions and individual meetings for a smooth communication from both the end. Day et al. (2014) had mentioned that it is always important to have a free flow of communication in the organization otherwise conflicts will arise which might take a bad shape. An effective communication helps in avoiding conflicts and issues within the organization. Mr. Romeo followed the same to prevent internal conflicts within the employees. This was a great quality of being a leader which he had. When he was asked about the modifications in behavior he added that being subtle and strict at the same time is important to keep the team members within control. They should be encouraged and at the same time it is the duty of the manager to rebuke them, but not in front of everyone so that others do not take advantage of the situation. Feedback: Leadership styles of the chosen leader According to Chemers (2014) had mentioned about the different leadership styles such as participative, autocratic, democratic and others which is imbibed by the leaders while they are in power. However, the journey of a leader is not as easy as it might look but they also need to overcome hurdles. To overcome these hurdles they need to choose one specific leadership style which will be helpful. At this stage of the assignment the chosen leader was asked about his experience and the hardships that he might have faced in his journey of being a successful leader. While conversing with him I was always eager to get hold of the features that might help me to reach a prestigious position as him. I wanted to imbibe the skills from him which will make a great leader as him in the coming days. Skills, behaviors and traits possessed by the chosen leader After listening to my question he said that he always believed that he could be a great leader. He wanted to build himself up in such a way that other people will aspire to be like him. He added that it is very important to have self confidence because it is the mantra to great leadership. He had also adapted the participative style of leadership (Dinh et al. 2014). When a leader will be able to motivate him, only then will he be able to motivate others. The leader must be a torch bearer who will show the way to others and overcome all the hurdles to attain the goal. Mr. Romeo said that his course in business administration had been an added advantage in his journey of being a great manager of a five star hotel. He had also done leadership workshops in order to learn the theoretical aspects. Difference in the observation and feedback At this point of conversation I somehow felt that my observation has gone wrong somewhere. This is because I was only focusing on his traits and behavior but did not do a proper homework on his background. Therefore I added this on my bucket list. One must know the theory beforehand in order to imply that in practical life. However rest of my observation had gone correct regarding his ability to communicate, loyalty, balance in work-life, problem solving, adaptability to changed situation and distant vision (Fairhurst and Connaughton 2014). Use of power and influence tactics I realized that the path to become a leader is not a bed of roses when he shared a personal experience. When he had joined his first organization as a manager most of the people there were older to him. Thus it became a problem for him to convince them as he wanted. The senior employees were reluctant to listen to the junior manager. Mr. Romeo said that as he was a new comer therefore he could not even show his power over the older employees. It was becoming a problem for him to do his duty in the organization when his hands were tied on ethical grounds. That is when he started grooming himself by attending workshops and understood the necessity of being strict and soft at the same time. He became aware of the tricks of the trade to deal with such severe situations. Characteristics of a good and effective leader Being a participative leader, Mr. Romeo always values the opinion of his team members but take the final decision on his own. As he has adapted this particular style of leadership therefore it has helped in motivating the employees as they can contribute to the decision making process (Frohlich and Oppenheimer 2015). They get the feeling that their opinion matters and their presence is being valued in the organization. As per this great leader, there are several characteristics of a good and effective leader which are given below- He said that honesty and integrity should be an integral part of a leaders life (Hazy and Uhl- Bien 2015). While explaining about the value of honesty in a leaders life he quoted Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of United States, the supreme quality of leadership is unquestionably integrity. Without it, no real success is possible, no matter whether it is on a section gang, a football field, in an army or in an office. In addition to that he said confidence is extremely important to be a great leader which should be passed on to the team too. Mr. Romeo described persuasion of the team is the most difficult task as he had faced in his early work life. This will be effective by enabling good communication which he had done earlier (Johnson 2017). Even in this 5 star hotel he had faced difficulty in convincing people to come to work on holidays which he resolved by increasing their incentives and giving an additional half day leave. He had also arranged for free family meal for every staff twice a month as a strategy to keep a good rapport within the team. How to be a great leader? Mr. Romeo suggested that it always takes good decision making capabilities to be a good leader and also accountability. By saying this, he mentioned a saying of the American businessman Arnold H Glasgow, A good leader takes little more than his share of the blame and little less than his share of the credit. He follows this as his motto in the course of his journey as a leader and recommended certain steps that should not be done while being a leader. I was curious to know about these as one should overcome the hurdles in order to be successful. A leader should learn how to keep his respect in front of the employees and should not insult one employee in front of the other (Johnston and Marshall 2016). Moreover a good leader should not give false hopes to his team. This will result in demoralization within the team and they will lose faith on their leader. A leader should think about the organization and the benefits of his team before thinking of his own selfish reasons. The leader s hould not crave for power or misuse power in order to keep his position, rather he should always think ahead of time for the betterment of the organization. This feedback session with Mr. Romeo helped me in self- analyzing and I marked myself in those areas which needed improvement. I got to know in minute detail how one can build himself up as a good leader and the habits that he must let go in order to be efficient. Reflection From the first two stages of observation and feedback I could gain a lot of knowledge from my role model Mr. Romeo who is the general manager of a five star hotel in Myanmar. While conversing with him I got to know the tricks of the trade required to become an efficient leader. While interning in his organization I had seen the change in his behavior and I wanted to know the reason behind it. This is because I always had it in mind that the minor knowledge gained from this exposure will help me later in life in being an effective leader. In the initial days of my internship I completely observed Mr. Romeo and his activities. In doing so I tried to imbibe his leadership qualities within myself, such as the way he speaks, behaves, reacts to certain situations, solves critical problems and makes decisions. Observation is considered as a major part of learning and therefore I deduced a general idea about him. From the ideas that I have collected about him a rough picture could be painted but not clearly. In order to get a transparent idea one- to- one conversation was very important which counted for a complete and detailed recognition of the person (Klenke 2016). After the two stages of observation and feedback I somehow felt that the two stages contradicted each other at some point. This is because the two theories of leadership were applicable in this, Trait Theory and Behavioral theory (Komives 2016). The feedback session helped me to learn about the hurdles that might come in the way of being an effective leader. Mr. Romeo had shared his personal experience with me which gave me an idea about the bitter reality. He shared that the main obstacle that he had faced while working in this five star hotel is the difference in culture. Food habit of people is dependent on the culture of the place that is why it became essential for the manager to learn the food habits of Myanmar (Miner 2015). Moreover Philippines has majority of Christian population while Burma has Buddhist majority. As the festivals are different in these two cultures therefore the eating habit also varied accordingly. Previously meat and dairy products were avoided by Christia n population during a fixed part of the year while they have a ritual of having bread and wine relative to the body and blood of Jesus Christ (Robertson 2016). On the other hand, the Buddhists are more inclined towards vegetarian food as they cannot tolerate violence against the animals. They prohibit themselves from drinking alcohol and mostly rely on donations as they are not allowed to cook their own food (Sanders 2017). These were some major differences between the two cultures and Mr. Romeo had taken these in consideration to avoid unnecessary complications. Thus, I learned from the interaction that the qualities or traits that I might lack within myself need to be showcased by my behavior in order to be an efficient leader (Northouse 2017). After spending a number of days with my role model I understood that I need to groom and develop myself as per the industry requirement because practical functions are much different than theoretical course. As a leader I need to be a favorite person of the team or else they will not listen to me. Failure of a leader lies in his capability to manage a team. This internship helped me a lot to deal with practical situations which would not have been possible otherwise. Being a student I learnt about the tools and techniques of workplace especially in the hospitality sector where I wish to excel in the future days. As per the observation and feedback I appreciated the strategies that he had implemented in his workplace to bind his team together. I became so friendly with him during these days that at the end o our conversation he asked if I could suggest something to improve his leadership skills. I could not believe that my role model who I aspire to be asked me for recommendation. That is another quality of being a great leader; he should know how to be humble. That is why I felt embarrassed in front of him as I was the one who was learning from him then there is no way I could give him suggestion. Therefore in a very polite tone I expressed my thoughts in front of him and told him to continue in the same way which helped to reach this position. I told him that he should initiate innovative working style in order to boost up his team (Raelin 2016). I also told him to keep his spirits high so that he can continue to be my role model for many more years to come. The interaction ended on a good note which encouraged me to work harder for my future. This assessment helped me to understand the necessity of being a good leader for the improvement of an organization. Conclusion From this assignment it can be concluded that the three stages of observation, feedback and reflection was effective for me in being a good leader. I could measure my skills and capabilities in comparison to my role model. I understood that self- realization is the best way to gauge ones own qualities. Not only did I observe my chosen leader from a close distance but also tried to adapt his qualities and develop myself. The two theories of Behavioral and Trait theory made the learning easier for me and I got motivated in building myself up as a good leader. References Antonakis, J. and Day, D.V. eds., 2017.The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Boezeman, E.J. and Ellemers, N., 2014. Volunteer leadership: The role of pride and respect in organizational identification and leadership satisfaction.Leadership,10(2), pp.160-173. Cameron, K.S., Quinn, R.E., DeGraff, J. and Thakor, A.V., 2014.Competing values leadership. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cashman, K., 2017.Leadership from the inside out: Becoming a leader for life. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Chemers, M., 2014.An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Collinson, D., 2014. Dichotomies, dialectics and dilemmas: New directions for critical leadership studies?.Leadership,10(1), pp.36-55. Daft, R.L., 2014.The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Day, D.V., Fleenor, J.W., Atwater, L.E., Sturm, R.E. and McKee, R.A., 2014. Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25 years of research and theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.63-82. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. Fairhurst, G.T. and Connaughton, S.L., 2014. Leadership: A communicative perspective.Leadership,10(1), pp.7-35. Frohlich, N. and Oppenheimer, J.A., 2015.Political leadership and collective goods. Princeton University Press. Hazy, J.K. and Uhl-Bien, M., 2015. Towards operationalizing complexity leadership: How generative, administrative and community-building leadership practices enact organizational outcomes.Leadership,11(1), pp.79-104. Johnson, C.E., 2017.Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Sage Publications. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Klenke, K., 2016.Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Komives, S.R., 2016.Leadership for a better world: Understanding the social change model of leadership development. John Wiley Sons. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Northouse, P.G., 2017.Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice. Sage Publications. Raelin, J.A., 2016. Imagine there are no leaders: Reframing leadership as collaborative agency.Leadership,12(2), pp.131-158. Robertson, J., 2016.Coaching leadership: Building educational leadership capacity through partnership. New Zealand Council for Educational Research. PO Box 3237, Wellington 6140 New Zealand. Sanders, J.O., 2017.Spiritual leadership: Principles of excellence for every believer. Moody Publishers. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Tourish, D., 2014. Leadership, more or less? A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory.Leadership,10(1), pp.79-98. Verba, S., 2015.Small groups and political behavior: A study of leadership. Princeton University Press.

The Speeches of Antony and Brutus free essay sample

Examines the differences in Antony and Brutus speech styles and effectiveness in Julius Caesar. This is a paper comparing and contrasting the two major speeches of Marcus Brutus and Antony in William Shakespeare?s Julius Caesar. The author makes several interesting points and discusses how Antony ?s method of toying with the audience?s emotions prevailed over Brutus? attempt to use the audience?s pride and patriotism. Great speakers are remembered throughout history for making speeches that touch the audience, or get the audience to believe something that before seemed like nonsense. People like Martin Luther King Junior and Abraham Lincoln changed history, and are remembered to this day for their historic speeches. In William Shakespeares play, Julius Caesar, two such speeches were made. In the play, both Marcus Brutus and Antony made speeches that moved the crowd, but they used different techniques to accomplish their goals. Brutus? and Antony s speeches differed vastly in their emphasis, content, and writing style. We will write a custom essay sample on The Speeches of Antony and Brutus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

A Person Is Not a They. Neither Is an Army.

A Person Is Not a They. Neither Is an Army. A Person Is Not a â€Å"They.† Neither Is an Army. A Person Is Not a â€Å"They.† Neither Is an Army. By Guest Author So you want to be politically correct, you want to be inclusive, and you would never assume that every nurse and every teacher in the world is a â€Å"she.† Right? Right. But sometimes this worthy thought leads us to perform some very clumsy gymnastics. Consider this passage from a guide for a doctor’s front office staff: Show the patient how to use their medicine. Does this patient have three heads with three mouths through which to ingest medications? Or maybe the patient is using a medication produced by several Big Pharma companies? We can see the impulse behind this absurdity: whoever wrote this document didn’t want to suggest that every patient in the practice was a â€Å"he.† Or a â€Å"she,† unless the doc’ was a gynecologist. But this good intention led to a moment of bad grammar: pronouns need to agree with their nouns. We have several alternatives that honor our desire for inclusiveness without sliding into the ridiculousness. One obvious strategy is simply to make the noun plural: Show patients how to use their medicine. Another is to change the pronoun (his, her, its) to an article (the, a, an): Show the patient how to use the medicine. Or, if it works in the context, we can change the singular â€Å"medicine† to the plural: Show the patient how to use medicines. Each of these approaches allows the writer to make sense without offending anyone’s sensibilities. Remember: in U.S. English, collective nouns are singular: Zappit Electric just raised its rates. (Not â€Å"their rates†) An army travels on its stomach. (Not â€Å"their stomach†) The jury returned its verdict. (Not â€Å"their verdict†) Not so in the Queen’s English: Brits see collective nouns as plural (e.g., The jury returned their verdict). But when you’re writing for a U.S. publisher, corporation, government agencie, and similar entities, take singular verbs and singular pronouns. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your StoryAcronym vs. Initialism20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel

Development of an integrated marketing communication mix strategy for Essay

Development of an integrated marketing communication mix strategy for an IT brand such as HP or intel planning to enter a new but very competitive market such as Russia or China - Essay Example Shanghai and Beijing have been significantly analyzed in the report as the initial base for the company. Integrated Marketing Communication (UMC) has shown substantial effects on business world especially with respect to the international networks of multinational companies (Gould, Grein, & Lerman, 1999; Kitchen & Schultz, 2003). It has been considered as one of the major developments of communication of the last phase of the 20th century (Kitchen & Schultz, 1999, p.34) and thus most organizations claim it as the key competitive advantage of their marketing strategies. Duncan (2005) defines the terms IMC as a â€Å"collective term for all the various types of planned messages used to build a brand†, marketing communication integrates advertising, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing, personal selling, packaging, events and sponsorships, and customer service† (Duncan, 2005, p.7). Due to numbers of factors, the significance and recognition of IMC has grown up. These factors include the increasing trends in media fragmentations (Kotler et al. 2005), increasing segmentation of consumer needs (Schwartz, 2001), easy access to consumer database (McGoon, 1999 & Reich, 1998), and the development of a brand’s image-based equity (Schultz 1999 & Wood 1997). Besides application of IMC related to consumers, most of the authors agree that it has significant application to target non-consumer stakeholders as well like employers, investors, and regulators (Belch, 2002). Kitchen (2003) argues that corporate communication and IMC has substantial implications for the cost-effectiveness of particular organizations. Corporate communication targets the stakeholders by applying advertising campaigns, financial relations, and by offering corporate sponsorships (Semenik, 2002), while non-customer stakeholders are targeted to brief

The Power of Branding and Service in Business Communications Essay

The Power of Branding and Service in Business Communications - Essay Example This can be attributed to the fact that in the market, there are several products and services, which offer the same benefits to the consumer. In order for an organization to be successful, the name it offers must have a distinct meaning that pushes the consumer into buying it. Even the most successful brands in the market ought to receive rebranding because customer trends are always changing. In addition, a brand’s credibility is very important because it ensures that clients are happy when they are associated with a certain product or service. Contents The Power of Branding and Service in Business Communications 1 Contents 3 1.The Power of Branding and Service in Business Communications 4 2.Background 4 3.Discussion 7 4.Summary 9 5.Conclusion 9 6.References 11 1. The Power of Branding and Service in Business Communications A brand resembles a design, term, name, symbol, or any other feature that differentiates a certain product from the others in the market. Although brandi ng resulted from cattle, a lot has changed and it can be seen in products like Coca Cola from the Coca-Cola Company. It is worth noting that products are not sold but they are bought, which means that they ought to have distinct features that a customer would not fail to realize. Importance of branding is to ensure that clients are aware of the products that they are looking for in the market. Customers control communications and the processes of information gathering meaning that they cannot be avoided when branding. Since customers have a huge role to play in the marketing of products as opposed to the past, it means that they determine what brings value in the goods and services that they buy. Internet connections and the advances that have been made in the information technology sector, ensure that customers share information between themselves without the knowledge of the manufacturer. In addition, customers might act like an organization’s advocates if the services and goods they receive from that organization are up to standard. This implies that marketing is made easier when an organization focuses on serving customers’ interests. Marketing trends have been shifting over the years but customers need to be satisfied by their trusted companies. This implies that branding has a big role to play when it comes to satisfying customers (Tiwari, 2012). 2. Background Studies have shown that branding and marketing are very important aspects in any business that wishes to have a competitive edge in the market. This can be attributed to the fact that the world of business has become very competitive thanks to globalization and as a result, organizations have to make their brands known in the market at any given cost. When customers go to the market, they choose to buy or not to buy a certain product, which means that branding comes in handy. Customers are the key to the success of any given organization. A logo, a truckload of PowerPoint printouts, a nd a theme line are the most important aspects when it comes to marketing (Rossiter & Bellman, 2012). Getting the message across is very important when it comes to branding. This is because customers choose brands, which they are confident in. It means that a customer would be tempted to buy a product or service from a company that she or he is associated with. This cannot be achieved if customers do not want to be associated with a certain brand. Customers ought to understand the importance of a certain brand based on its

Art of Darkness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Art of Darkness - Essay Example rop Frye discusses it in his essay, refers simply to a special kind of narrative.1 The special nature of this narrative is that it is devised to reflect the beliefs of a particular culture, especially as it uses the concept of the supernatural to explore and explain natural events and the essence of human nature. Frye’s argument is that this mythic narrative is included in almost all of the archetypes used in literature and that these concepts are also found within our most sacred ritual events as we continue to seek the true nature of the order of life. Considering Frye’s discussion of myth, ritual and the natural cycle as it is presented in The Archetypes of Literature, it can be seen that there are several rituals and beliefs that we experience in modern life that we are perhaps not even aware of as being a voluntary affirmation of the natural order of life, such as the beliefs we associate with the concept of darkness. An examination into the traditional values asso ciated with darkness helps to inform the shift in focus seen as the world began to shift into its more modern configuration. Generally acknowledged to have started with the publication of Horace Walpole’s novel The Castle of Otranto in 1764, the Gothic genre represents a fundamental shift in thinking from one dominated by ideals and reason to one of imagination and emotion.2 Gothic literature is characterized by its unique way of combining horror and romance to create a completely new genre that, particularly after the advent of Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic theory,3 focused more and more on the power of the mind to terrify itself. Common elements found within Gothic literature include terror, the supernatural, ghosts, haunted houses with a particular type of architecture, castles, darkness, death, madness, secrets and hereditary curses. Characters typically fall into stereotypical personas such as the femmes fatales, flawed heroes, monsters of various types and flawed individuals.

Interpersonal communication Essay

Interpersonal communication Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interpersonal communication is defined as the interaction between two or more individuals. Where this is the case, the tendency for conflicts to take place is almost inevitable. This is because most people do not have the same opinions, needs and/or mindsets. The effects of conflicts can be disruptive to relationships. However, if handled well, conflicts can contribute positively by improving understanding and tolerance among people, as well as strengthening the bonds between them. Thus, the style that one employs in expressing and managing interpersonal conflicts plays a crucial role in maintaining and improving the quality of communication in his/her relationship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie Parenthood features several conflicts between its characters. The nature of conflicts varies, as well as the style characters adopt in reacting to and resolving conflicts which arise. Gill and Karen, the main characters of the movie, often face disagreements like every married couple does. However, the greatest argument between them arises when Gill comes home angry after quitting his job one day and having Karen inform him that she is pregnant. Being in an easily irritable state at that time, Karens pregnancy did not bring joy to him. Instead, he reacts to her negatively, making her feel as if he did not want the baby. This created a disconfirming communication climate between them. Karen feels that she is underappreciated and the defensive mechanism in her is activated. They begin arguing about the severity of each others lost because of the unexpected baby. They both react to the situation with direct aggressio n; verbally attacking and insulting the other partys position. As a result, the issue was not resolved but amplified.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In actual fact, the impact of the conflict could have been reduced if a different style of expression was used. For example, having known that Gill had just lost his job and was in a foul mood, Karen could choose to withhold the news of her pregnancy until later when Gills emotional turbulence has settled. This non-assertive style may be more appropriate in view of the situation at hand. Also, she could be more supportive and understanding towards his decision. According to Jack Gibb, empathy contributes greatly to a positive relational climate. Being able to accept anothers feelings and putting oneself in their place would make them feel valued and cared about. This encourages them to open up to the other party, making communication much more effective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, non-assertion should only be used sparingly because it does not go to the root of the problem. In order to achieve a satisfying resolution, Gill and Karen should discuss the issue later in a calm and peaceful manner, adopting the assertive style of communication. They should allow each other to express their thoughts and feelings directly about the issue and then coming up with a win-win solution. Both parties should respect each other and their discussion should be problem oriented- finding a way in which both parties needs are satisfied and working out some arrangement which makes everyone feel like a winner (Adler, 2003, p.229).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another instance of conflict also occurs between Suzan, Gills sister, and her husband, Nathan. Their problem revolves around the upbringing style of their daughter, Patty. Nathan insists that Patty should be given strict education in all aspects, despite her young age, in order for her full potential to be utilised. Suzan, on the other hand, feels that her daughter should be given a normal childhood. Besides that, she also feels that her husband is being too uptight and controlling, always behaving as if he knows best. This is seen when Nathan insists that they should only have one child despite Suzans attempt to re-discuss the issue with him. However, instead of confronting the problem, Suzan chooses to be passive aggressive. She pretends to put up with his practices such as power-eating but secretly chows down sweets and chocolates as a symbol of anger and discontent. Eventually, her approach no longer calms her anger and she finally tells Nathan that she is leaving him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several factors which contribute to the aggravation of their conflict. Primarily, Nathans controlling and always certain behavior often causes Suzan to feel that her opinions and feelings are unimportant. He often imposes his way of life on her with little regard to her needs. In addition to that, he also rarely accepts and acknowledges her suggestions and ideas. For instance, when Suzan tells him that Patty should be allowed to behave more like a normal child instead of constantly being strictly guided, he ridicules her frustration and rejects her concern. In another context, Suzans method of handling her unhappiness- passive aggression- is also not an effective manner. It not only does not allow Nathan to know his mistakes, it creates an illusion which shows as if she is happy with her situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The resolution of the conflict, as seen in the ending of the movie, was when Nathan finally realises his fault after having Suzan leave him. This indirect communication used by Suzan is nonetheless effective, even though there could be a possibility of Nathan misinterpreting her intentions. Her extreme measures lead Nathan to re-evaluate his behavior and discover that his methods in handling their relationship are inappropriate. Finally, he apologises to her sincerely and receives her forgiveness. Since then, his behavior changes for the better and their relationship becomes stronger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aside from marital conflicts, there are also conflicts between parent and child in the movie. For example, the relationship between Gill and his son, Kevin. Kevin is a very sensitive and emotional child. As a result, Gill has to be extra careful in handling him. Conflicts often arise when Kevin becomes upset by something trivial. For example, when Kevin thinks of himself as being abnormal because he was seeing a psychiatrist, Gill has to comfort and ensure him that things were alright. In this situation, Gill adopts an indirect communication approach. He tells Kevin that he was seeing a psychiatrist not because he was sick or abnormal, only more prone to worry than others and that the doctor was there to help him conquer this anxiety. He then shifts Kevins focus from the topic to his upcoming birthday celebration. This lights up Kevins mood and resolves the tension between them. Gills method, in this case, is effective beca use any other method may have irritated Kevin further. Also, as a loving and supportive father, Gill often tries to maintain a confirming communication climate between them. He displays great levels of empathy and equality when interacting with Kevin. He tries to understand his sons needs and emotions instead of dictating them based on his personal experiences. Thus, because of his efforts, the conflicts that arise between them each time is resolved appropriately.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, conflicts will always be prevalent in any interpersonal relationships. Be it between husband and wife, parent and child or friends, conflict is sure to arise because of the unique difference between every individual. It is how people manage and express the conflicts that would determine whether the resolution is satisfying for all parties. Thus, it is crucial that one be able to adopt the proper style in expressing his/her dissatisfaction based on the situation at hand in order to reduce the impact of conflicts and maintain healthy interpersonal relationships. Bibliography: Adler, R.B., Rodman, G. (2003) Understanding Human Communication. New York: Oxford University Press.

Going Beyond Pain in Chris Crutchers Stotan Essay -- Crutcher Stotan

Going Beyond Pain in Chris Crutcher's Stotan High school buddies and members of the swim team Walker, Nortie, Lion and Jeff accept the challenge to participate in Stotan week, a week of rigorous swim training that pushes them beyond physical pain and tests their moral fiber, changing their lives forever.   In the novel Stotan   by Chris Crutcher a team of teenagers and best friends brace themselves for what’s going to be the hardest week of their lives mentally, physically, and emotionally.   A â€Å"Stotan† is a cross between a stoic and a Spartan.   Through this time of hardship they learn about friendships, relationships, dealing with cancer, racism, and physical abuse.   Each of the four best friends learn more and more about each other and help each other when they need help.   They come together as a group, team, and family.   Each of them have a tremendous conflict that can not be resolved with just one persons help.   They all help each other repair the emotional scars if one of them were suffering.   They all have one thing in common which was that they all want to be the best they can be and being so determined.   In Stotan By Chris Crutcher four boys Walker, Jeff, Nortie, and Lion experience a time of emotional and physical turmoil with the only way to overcome these barriers is to come together as a team with determination in mind.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the team mates with a conflict that needed to be resolved is Lion.   Lion lives alone in a tiny apartment with a hot plate.   He gets lonely sometimes and the only things that stop him from getting depressed are swimming and being with his best friends Walker, Jeff, and Nortie.   They never talk about Lion’s life but he knows that they life him for who he is not becau... ...cause of this amazing unity of the team Nortie is still alive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Stotan By Chris Crutcher four boys Walker, Jeff, Nortie, and Lion experience a time of emotional and physical turmoil with the only way to overcome these barriers is to come together as a team with determination in mind.   Lion was suffering from depression, Jeff was dying, Nortie was suffering mentally, and walker was suffering emotionally but as a team they all came together and resolved eatch others problems.   The unity the team had was unbelievable and helped save a life and helped solve problems.   Determination also helped the high school seniors by not letting them slip or fall climbing the mountain of success.   The four team members got through a week of grueling pain mentally and physically by coming together as a team with determination in mind to push themselves to maximum.  

Developing Yourself as an Effective Team Member (M2.34)

DEVELOPING YOURSELF AS AN EFFECTIVE TEAM MEMBER (M2. 34) Understanding teams and teamwork The difference between a team and a group is that a team is internally organized, with specific roles for different members of the team. They all have the same aim and goal. A group is just a collection of people with something in common but each individual has a different goal.The  Forming – Storming – Norming – Performing  model of  group development  was first proposed by  Bruce Tuckman  in 1965, who maintained that these phases are all necessary and inevitable in order for the  team  to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results. A group will become a team when the members understand the value of being together, personally and professionally, individually and organisationally. Their aims and objectives become one and it becomes well known that their goal will be best achieved through mutual support.Likewise, these factors also indicate when a group will become a team: * each team member’s viewpoint is respected and considered * regular meetings are held between team members and progress is observed * there is the feeling of trust and members are encouraged to apply their individual skills and talents to the task * sense of ownership is inculcated in all members * conflict is viewed as an opportunity for new ideas, creativity and improvement An example of when a group will become a team:A group of people walk into a lift. They all have different goals and agendas for being on the lift. The group becomes a team when the lift breaks down. Now they all have the same goal: Get out of the lift! The characteristics of a good team are: a clear, elevating goal understood by all, a results-driven structure, competent members who trust the judgement of others, unified commitment, a collaborative climate, and standards of excellence, principled leadership and members willin g to take risks.The advantages of working in a team are a combination of strengths you can get a good range of abilities, fields of expertise and personality types, a range of opinions: a group meeting is often very useful for ironing out flaws in a plan, testing it out, spotting pitfalls, divided responsibility: the team structure allows those who have strengths in a particular area to take more responsibility for that area, team spirit, opportunity to learn from others and to share ideas, motivation and a sense of belonging. Importance of communication within a teamTeam communication is significant because it has the  ability  to either build the team or tear it down. When communication is absent or ineffective in a team, the team unity will suffer. There will be lack of vision, motivation and purpose for existing. Where there is effective group communication, the group operates with one mind, spirit and common goal. Without team communication there is confusion, misunderstand ings and unhappy members. Group communication allows members to freely express themselves, and can provide accurate and comprehensive information.Communication in a team creates an environment of safety and security. Communication barriers: Language Language may act as a barrier to communication  even when communicating in the same language. The terminology used in a message may act as a barrier if it is not fully understood by the receiver. For example, a message that includes a lot of specialist jargon and abbreviations will not be understood by a receiver who is not familiar with the terminology used. DeafnessIn many instances hearing people will not take the time or make the effort to communicate with deaf people effectively. This is possible because they feel embarrassed or have no understanding of deafness. The deaf person feels frustrated and isolated from using vital services and support that have a right to access. Cultural Cultural barriers are a result of living in an e ver shrinking world. Different cultures, whether they are a societal culture of a race or simply the work culture of a company, can hinder developed communication if two different cultures clash.Deal with conflict in a team Some examples of behaviour that cause conflict in a team are: * putting the blame on someone else for your mistakes * force your own ideas on people * interrupt people when they are talking One method of reducing the first type of behaviour is admitting when you are in wrong or when you make a mistake and apologise to the rest of the team. Review own performance as a team member Belbin’s team roles are used to  identify people's behavioural strengths and weaknesses in the work place.This information can be used to: * Build productive working relationships * Select and develop high-performing teams * Raise self-awareness and personal effectiveness * Build mutual trust and understanding * Aid recruitment processes My team role is a co-ordinator and I feel I do fit my role when working in a team. I think I do perform well because I am confident and can express my ideas and viewpoints clearly. I do not hesitate to challenge or pick out the flaws out of other team member’s suggestions.What I do well is I am able to take control and lay down some discipline and order, I can listen to everyone’s opinions and ideas and I can include all team members. What I could do better is to be a little less demanding, less intimidating and control my temper as I get impatient with team members who are not willing to contribute. I could reduce my impatience by adopting a more calm; gentle but firm approach towards those team members who are not contributing as well I would want them to.

Pope Gregory VI - The Pope Who Bought the Papacy

Pope Gregory VI - The Pope Who Bought the Papacy Pope Gregory VI was also known as: Giovanni Graziano (his birth name); also John of Gratian (the Anglicized version.) Pope Gregory VI was known for: Buying the papacy. Giovanni paid his predecessor, Pope Benedict IX, what is sometimes considered a pension; when Benedict left, Giovanni was recognized as Pope Gregory VI by the cardinals. Gregory is also known for being one of the few popes in history to resign. Occupations: Pope Places of Residence and Influence: Italy Important Dates: Begins papacy: May, 1045Resigned: Dec. 20, 1046Died: At an unknown date in 1047 or 1048 About Pope Gregory VI: When Giovanni Graziano paid his godson a pension to convince him to resign, most scholars agree he did so out of an honest desire to rid the papacy of the dissolute Pope Benedict IX. Unfortunately, as Pope Gregory VI, he achieved little in Rome before Benedict and the antipope Sylvester III returned. The chaos that resulted as each man represented himself as the true pope was too much, and King Henry III of Germany rode south to settle the matter. At a council at Sutri, Italy, Benedict and Sylvester were deposed, and Gregory was convinced to resign the office because his payment to Benedict could be viewed as simony. He left Italy for Germany, where he died not long after. For more about the life and pontificate of Gregory VI, see his Concise Biography. Pope Gregory VI Resources: Concise Biography of Gregory VIPopes Who Resigned Pope Gregory VI on the Web Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Gregory VIConcise look at Gregory by Horace Mann. Pope Gregory VI in Print The links below will take you to a site where you can compare prices at booksellers across the web. More in-depth info about the book may be found by clicking on to the books page at one of the online merchants. by Richard P. McBrien by P. G. Maxwell-Stuart The PapacyChronological List of PopesMedieval ItalyWhos Who Directories: Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society

TV is the Worst Entertainment for Children Essays

TV is the Worst Entertainment for Children Essays TV is the Worst Entertainment for Children Essay TV is the Worst Entertainment for Children Essay Essay Topic: Entertainment Orlando Basic Essay Outline Television is an escape into a fantasy world. Everyone has a different preference of the kind of programs they like. However, TV is the worst entertainment for my children. Different types of TV programs such as movies, commercials, and TV news are a bad influence on my cchildrens health. To begin with, many TV movies have very violent content. Therefore, these type of movies affect my children. They want to imitate and pretend to be the actors that they see in the violent movies. In fact, terror movies have many scenes of murders and other crimes which scare my children. For instance, there are movies such as The Werewolf, Friday 13th and Die in the night. Also some cartoons with violent content and they are bad examples for them. With this preference for cartoons, my children are being exposed to a large number of violent acts in their viewing day. Cartoons such as The Simpsons, Dragon Ball Z and Three Stooges are bad examples for them. Ssimilarly, science fiction movies have violent content also and affect them emotionally. For example, Star Wars, District 9 and Moon Terror show violent scenes in their contents. Commercials are another part of television that does not contribute to my cchildrens health. They are likely to imitate what they see and hear on television. To illustrate, cigarette ads lead to consumption in their social life when they are in school, college and at their friends parties. Equally important, alcoholic beverage commercials create in their minds that drinking liquor is the only way they can have fun while on holiday, during spring break, at their graduation party and when they are out with friends at dance clubs. Finally, the food commercials are leading children to eat unhealthy foods by showing them that eating hamburgers, pizza and fried chicken is the in thing to do. Unfortunately, these foods create an obese society. In addition to movies and TV commercials, TV news has a lot of daily violent content that also affects children emotionally. The daily news reports about violent assaults and murders of people in different cities around the world, like New York City, Bogota, and Mexico City. The police reports are of many robberies that occur in private homes in Florida, mainly in the Orlando, Altamonte Springs and Apopka areas. In the same way, the news shows war scenes in countries of the Middle East such as Libya, India, and Israel, where the ajority of the dead are innocent children, and the news shows the political unrest of their people. In essence, after watching TV movies, commercials and news my children feel a lot of stress. When they go to sleep, they have nightmares. TV programs affect them emotionally and have a bad influence on my cchildrens lives. Consequently, they are especially likely to show increased aggression by what they learn from watching violent television. They believe the violence they see reflects real life and they identify with violent actors. TV is the Worst Entertainment for Children By denisalbay

Health and Safety in Automotive Workshops in New Zealand Assignment

Health and Safety in Automotive Workshops in New Zealand - Assignment Example In addition to adopting this WHO strategy on occupational health, the meeting also adopted a proposal for the course of action for the implementation of the same strategy (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2001). In attendance at the meeting were twenty-seven countries, represented by thirty-one collaborating centers. One of the countries was Switzerland The organizers of the meeting included but were not limited to the WHO, International Labour Organisation (ILO), The United Nations Development Programme, the Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Preventive Health, the WHO Workers’ Health Programme and the International Commission on Occupational Health. A priority issue at the meeting was health at work. According to the available data by then, it was estimated that about 100 million workers are injured annually at the workplace while about 200,000 die annually in occupational accidents (International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour IPEC), (2011). In addition, the WHO reported that between 68 million and 157 million cases of occupational diseases are caused by hazardous exposures at the workplaces or workloads. These statistics obviously negatively affect the health of world population. In fact, the roles and effects of occupational injuries and diseases are found to be more profound in developing countries in which 70% of the world’s working population lives. Due to their impacts the health and well being of workers, occupational injuries and diseases negatively impact the productivity and socioeconomic well being of workers across all industries. These detrimental effects extend even to the friends, families, and dependents of the directly affected workers.

The Pros and cons of The Globalization Process Essay

The Pros and cons of The Globalization Process - Essay Example This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of globalization phenomena, considering pros and cons of the process and assessing its role in the modern world of today. With the advent of the internet and massive computing systems that are nevertheless small in physical scale, the world is becoming an ever-shrinking globe. The concept of a shrinking world, a world wherein travel, trade and communications between countries is becoming easily accessible by all, is luring more companies into the worldwide market thanks to significant advances in transportation, communication and a recognition of the success of libertarian marketing systems. The globalization of markets has accelerated through universal acceptance of the democratic free enterprise model and new communication technologies, including satellites and the Internet. Changes in the way in which organizations conduct business have been rapid and wide-spread as the globalization concept has been introduced. It is the inherent nature of the marketplace to increase efficiency within the workplace by constantly striving to produce the most products with the least expenditure of resources. It is this concept that drove many corporations to join in the globalization process, frequently outsourcing their activities and production processes to less developed countries in which this process is less expensive and requires fewer restrictions, licensing, and controls. Global markets offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets around the world.

Teacher Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teacher Interview - Essay Example hool, he also participates in harmonizing the objectives of various schools in the district to come up with a common goal that is focused on accomplishing a shared vision. Through interaction with other teachers, he is able to understand the necessary resources for teaching and learning. He is also able to develop new learning opportunities for the teachers and students. Instructional leadership is one of the significant strategies in developing a focused student centered learning environment (Goleman, 2002). Instructional leadership has had significant benefits to the teacher’s role. It has led to a widened scope of learning beyond the classroom and with more people participating in the enhancement of learning. This has made it easy for the teacher to accomplish his duties as the head, contrary to the conventional authoritarian style where the administrator needed not to consult with others (Hargreaves & Fink, 2004). The teachers are presented with a favorable environment to carry out their duties especially through participating in goal setting, which makes empowers them especially by feeling as part of the institution and hence deliver knowledge to the students in a better way. The school is ranked among the best performers in the district, while the students are motivated to accomplish their educational goals through the collaboration that exists among the teachers. Professional leadership is among the leadership styles that are significant in developing focus and vision, which the head teacher uses to promote a sense of purpose for the institution. The teachers are assigned roles depending on their capabilities with the purpose of encouraging them to participate in decision making as regards the various areas that they supervise. Authority is distributed to the teachers and all participate in developing policies that affect learning in the school. The head teacher is always aware of the progress in all classes, including the information that is being

Jfk Cuban Missile Crisis Essay Example for Free

Jfk Cuban Missile Crisis Essay The speech made people aware that action was being taken to prevent any unexpected attacks and that every aspect of the crisis was being looked into. The speech itself upset many Americans and put them into a state of fear, but it also reassured them that Kennedy was aware and ready to take control to protect his country. Kennedy’s impact on the United States was not as remembered for what he did, but more for what he could have done. This particular speech helps illustrate the greater aspects of American history and shows why we are still a united nation. The Kennedy family had a passion for success. The public attention and fame that the family possessed came from â€Å"personal wealth and politics. † (Gale, 1994. Biography In Context) John Kennedy’s father, Joseph P. Kennedy, was ambassador of the United States and the United Kingdom. His wife, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, was an American philanthropist. The couple had nine children together, John F. Kennedy being the second oldest son. He was born on May 29, 1917. His father put a great deal of his faith into his first born, Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. , his goal being to make him president of the United States. With the family’s competitive nature, this caused a lot of rivalry between the two brothers. This issue followed them into their adult lives where â€Å"Jack,† as John was called, and his older brother both went to Choate and Harvard. Kennedy had not had a set plan for pursuing a career, but he was â€Å"certain of eventual American involvement in the expanding war. † (Gale, 1994. Biography In Context) He was assigned to Naval Intelligence in Washington when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. He was reassigned to sea duty on PT boats. On August 2, 1943, after a Japanese destroyer crashed into Kennedy’s PT-109, he was declared a â€Å"hero† by The New York Times for rescuing the surviving crew members. This story was circulated in each of Kennedy’s campaigns helping him move up as a politician. A year later his older brother, Joseph was killed while on a dangerous volunteer mission in Europe. He died instantly do to the explosion of an aircraft carrying dynamite. Kennedy’s political career really started up around this time because of his feelings of an â€Å"unnamed responsibility† to his parents, brothers, and sisters. In 1946, his father felt it was necessary to have John Kennedy take his brothers place and run for the same seat in Congress John’s grandfather â€Å"Honey Fitz† held nearly five decades earlier. (Gale, 1994. Biography In Context) Kennedy went into politics with no plan or philosophy. Even without direction in his campaign he still did win. People looked at him indifferently due to the fact that he wasn’t very involved in the debates. His health started depleting and it was obvious to the public that he was suffering from illness. He was diagnosed with Addison’s disease in 1947. It is a disease that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. He was then given only a few years to live, but when he started his cortisone treatments in 1950, his health improved along with his spirits. In the 1960 Presidential election, Kennedy defeated Richard Nixon by 12,000 votes. Kennedy began his presidency with grace and huge expectations for the nation. His inaugural speech focused on what America’s role was with the rest of the world and his obligations as â€Å"Leader of the Free World. † The Cuban Missile Crisis came about when Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that Soviets plan to support â€Å"wars of national liberation† against noncommunist regimes around the globe. Kennedy sharpened the American military’s watch on communist rebellion against the government. In April, 1961 he authorized a CIA plan to invade Cuba. The invasion failed horribly at the Bay of Pigs and the U. S. was on the edge of war when President Kennedy confronted Khrushchev about the presence of missile sites in Cuba. After two weeks they had reached a compromise: Soviets would withdraw their missiles in Cuba and the U. S. would withdraw its missiles in Turkey. The Cuban Missile Crisis speech was given on October 22, 1962 at the White House. It addressed our nation’s allies and enemies along with all American citizens. Kennedy used logos, pathos, and ethos in his address. He used logos by stating â€Å"unmistakable evidence that a series of offensive missile sites are in preparation. He let everybody know that the evidence was proven true and that no lies are coming from the address.

The Comparison Between Martin Luther And John Calvin Religion Essay

The Comparison Between Martin Luther And John Calvin Religion Essay The 16th century was marked by two great leaders, Martin Luther and John Calvin, who represented the stepping stones for the Protestant Reformation. Both these men were against the Roman Catholic Church and had different views on religion and how it should be seen. Luther and Calvin had a very similar protestant based theologies. Calvins admiration for Luther is evident because he refers to him as an apostle  [1]  . Luther was the founder of a group which is today known as the Lutherans. Both were very similar and at the same time different, each of them influenced Europe in a way. Calvin even influenced colonies of New England. Without them, contradicting the church, Protestantism would probably not be seen around the world. Martin Luther and John Calvin had similar concepts of faith and justification towards God, which in consequence became Luther and Calvins main currency of soul salvation. The Sermon on Good Works was Luthers first piece of writing which he writes about how only faith, not good works, benefits the soul for salvation. Luther realized that good works was not the path to take for forgiveness of sins, when he decided to achieve forgiveness by fasting many days and abstaining from sleep, but nothing happened. So from then on he discovered the bible, and found great guidance from it. He also believed that it is impossible to obey all of the proscriptions of the Old Testament thereby mercy from God and faith is the only way to salvation. Good works do not make a good man, but a good man does good works; Bad works do not make a bad man, but a bad man does bad works,  [2]  (Wogaman p111) wrote Luther, in summary of Paul. He not only said that good works were imperfect and useless, but also declared that they were sinful acts. Thus we sin even when we do good, unless God through Christ covers this imperfection and does not impute it to us  [3]  (Luther p276). Not only does Luther say this but also Calvins idea of faith can be seen when he says All we assign to man is that, by his impurity he pollutes and contaminates the very works which were good. The most perfect thing which proceeds from man is always polluted by some stain.   Should the Lords therefore bring to judgment the best of human works, he would indeed behold his own righteousness in them; but he would also behold mans dishonour and disgrace  [4]  (Westminster Confession). Calvin also believed that human nature was tainted and that people could do good works but no amount of good works would be enough to earn salvation. The grace of God through faith in Jesus Christ alone is the only way for redemption of sin, was Calvins belief. Calvin greatly believed good works were useful, if done to help our neighbour. Calvin and Luther had mostly the same view of good works and salvation. Calvins theology was for the most part similar and on the same path as Luthers, Calvin was on the same side as Luther for the thought that the authority and ways of life of Christians were to be followed from the Scriptures and that it was not the Church itself that would tell the people what to do, but instead it would be the Scriptures, because everyone could read it them. They had a Christ centered theology. The Scriptures were to be read as it is and not to try and find the hidden meanings. They both believed that that Church was born from the Scriptures and not the way around  [5]  . Luther and Calvin both denounce the Pope and the churches for the used the money to create and beautify what they had instead of following the what Christ really wanted from them, which was to live in the simplest form and educated others. They both had similar view of justification to god by faith. Luther thought that no good works were enough to reach salvation. Calvin had the idea that there was two group of people; the Elect and the non-Elect, which were chosen by God to be saved or not. Predestination was a key idea in Calvins theology. He believed everything was already planned before even you were born. Luther believed that the state and the church should be separated. The state should have all the power. While on the other hand Calvin believed that the state and the church should not be subject to one another and vice versa. Calvin had restore Geneva, The power of the sword and other parts of civil jurisdiction that bishops and priests had wrested from the magistrate  [6]  (Bouwsma p204) were given back to the king. Calvins ideas and theology has survived in communities in American history. The things that have been kept in notion from his works are to have a good work ethic and strong sense of family values. Calvin has influenced many fields like economics, politics, physical sciences and more  [7]  . Calvins religious movement has influenced the economic thinking and behaviour of people such as Max Weber, R.H. Tawney and Talcott Parsons. They believed that Calvinistic beliefs and capitalism were connected. They called this functional fit  [8]  . Max Weber believes that Calvinism perhaps helped build an  elective affinity for the development of capitalism, while on the other hand Tawny suggested the opposite. He thought that the Calvinist theology was adopted in capitalistic societies for this theology provided ideological explanations for economics practices which were considered morally questionable, such as interest in money  [9]  . Many may think that religion and scientific p rogress were not connected or had no relation between them, but some sociologist say that Calvinist had a strong impact for scientific research and development  [10]  . Calvinism, which came from John Calvin, was also a changing point for the form of government thats present in our society. The American political structure was mostly copied from the British, while most of their government ideas had a Calvinistic sense  [11]  . Calvinism is also to blame for causing problems and it is thought that maybe Calvinistic thought contributed to a mindset which caused the Holocaust  [12]  . Martin Luther perhaps didnt affect as many sectors of life but he was the one who influenced John Calvin for his works. Luther had a great impact, for he was the first person to make the Bible available to all people. He also influenced Europe to see religious thoughts in a different way and most of all, he was responsible for weakening the Churchs power  [13]  . Both theologies from Luther and Calvin are different and similar. Each of them are within the new Protestant paradigm, Luthers theology is with the individual person who is justified by faith, and for which such a person, good works naturally flow. Calvins theology contrasts the glory of God with the depravity of man, and is more skeptical of the ability of the justified man to perform good works. Similarities in there Reformation essentials are more influential then their differences. Calvin was given the Reforming baton from Luther and his theology was created from Luthers. Both these men were used by God to restore the Gospel to His church  [14]  . Word count 1300

The Characters of F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essays

The Characters of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the main characters Tom and Gatsby are both similar and different in their attitudes and their status. Both Tom and Gatsby have attained great wealth and live in very lavish conditions. They differ greatly, on the other hand, in the way that they acquired this wealth, and the way in which they treat other people. Even though both characters have great amounts of wealth, they are almost complete opposites due the way in which they acquired their wealth. Tom and Gatsby are very similar in their wealth and lavishness. Gatsby spends his money on any whim, regardless of what it may cost. His parties, for example, cost him huge amounts and are held almost every weekend. Trucks must bring in the food, and the servants work all day to prepare and organize the grounds. The beverages are also brought in by the truckload, and all of the attendees drink heavily. Gatsby then hires a complete string orchestra, a jazz band, an opera singer, and various other entertainers. Most importantly, Gatsby does all of this just to get Daisy's attention, and he has enough wealth to keep doing it every day for as long as it takes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gatsby's costly personal possessions also show his ease of spending money. He buys a hydroplane just to take it out several times, not on a long journey, but for a short flight across the sound. Gatsby's car, "was a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hatboxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes, and terraced with a labyrinth of wind-shields that mirrored a dozen suns."(68), clearly a very lavish and expensive automobile. La... ...ored and throws him away. In essence Gatsby's death is inevitable, just as Tom and Daisy dispose of a city when they do not like the rumors or some of the people, so do they get rid of Gatsby when they realize that he is really not one of them, and that he cannot become one of them because he is too full of hope and life and love.    Works Cited Bewley, Marius. "Scott Fitzgerald's Criticism of America." Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Great Gatsby. Ed. Ernest Lockridge. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. 37-53. Fitzgerald, F. Scott.   The Great Gatsby. New York:   Simon & Schuster Inc, 1995. Possnock, Ross. " 'A New World, Material Without Being Real': Fitzgerald's Critique of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby." Critical Essays on Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1984. 201-213.

To What Extent Do Sociologists Agree That Religion Is a Force for Social Change?

To what extent do Sociologists agree that religion is a force for social change? Throughout history, there has been an on-going debate as to whether or not religion is a conservative force, or a force for social change. Whilst many Sociologists such as Durkheim, see religion as a positive conservative force; creating social harmony and solidarity, others disagree claiming religion to be a strong force for social change and as neo-Marxist Otto Maduro believes, religion has the power to initiate revolutionary change.Firstly, both Functionalism and Marxism takes on the approach that religion is a conservative force as both hold the view that religion aids society, in terms of allowing it to stay within its existing practices. However, the two perspectives disagree on why and how religion helps to do this. Functionalist, Durkheim stated that religion is essential in creating shared norms and values. He claimed that practices of religion and in the law, help people to live their lives.In modern Western society there are thirteen bishops in the House of Lords, who all influence which laws are made and passed, in accordance with Christian teachings. Such issues as abortion, euthanasia, and divorce are discussed and decisions are made about them, which are influenced by the church. Through this system of having a religious guidance, a value consensus is created, by which most of society accepts. This is also known as a collective consciousness which Durkheim taught, formed â€Å"social solidarity†; leading to a harmonious and stable environment for people to live in.Durkheim and many other Functionalists viewed social solidarity as highly important, as they believed it allowed people to feel socially supported reducing the risk of people feeling a sense of anomie. Durkheim himself was very focused on the â€Å"sacred† and â€Å"profane†. He claimed that religious procedures are something which societies see as being divine. For example, a supernatu ral being such as an omnipotent God, would be sacred. However, not only that but something does not have to be scared for it to be divine, thus meaning, as the Bible is full of religious teachings it is a divine object.Durkheim emphasised that divine matters, cause strong feelings of respect and defence. These strong beliefs can cause passionate emotions of dedication and encouragement thus establishing group solidarity; again ruling out the sense of anomie. The Functionalist argued that in a more profane manor, the church unites the community by having events like, tea afternoons, fates, jumble etc. This way the church is permitting people to give something back to their society but also receive help or companionship if they need it. Nevertheless, Durkheim is criticized for discarding the idea of a sacred being, being the main attribute of religion.On the other hand, Neo-Marxist Otto Maduro observes how religion contains the authority to inspire a revolt thus generating social chan ge. Maduro refereed to the â€Å"liberation theology† to put his view forward. Between the 1950’s and 1960’s, South America was largely Catholic but many priests started to separate themselves from the Catholic Church; claiming that it was their duty to assist and liberate those who were being oppressed. This is when the â€Å"liberation theology† first started to be taught. These teachings opposed the current situation; leading to a revolution.Oscar Romero was a Catholic bishop who spoke out about the injustice of so many people, and for this he was assonated. His death sparked a huge amount of outrage and fury by the people he was trying to help, groups such as the Democratic Revolutionary front united to oppose what the government was doing, in terms of exploiting the people. Maduro used the â€Å"liberation theology† to highlight how religion can perform as a force for social change. Another example, of religion being a force for social change is the Apartheid system in South Africa.This was the legal racial separation of people from1948 until 1993, which meant that various races were separated into different districts and  discriminated  against in coherence with their colour. White people had priority over housing, jobs, education, and political power, whereas the coloured people were forced to live in poverty and suffer. Reverend Trevor Huddleston travelled to South Africa and spoke out peacefully against the Apartheid, which soon led to his arrest but also put a lot of attention on what was occurring in South Africa for other countries to take notice of.Soon after the arrest, Western democratic countries put into place anti-apartheid policies and took action. South Africa was forbidden from sporting events and trading was made more difficult for them, forcing for them to come to an arrangement. By 1980 the Apartheid had completely broken down and black South Africans were freed. Desmond Tutu then became the first ever black Arch Bishop, underlining how significantly religion had led to social change, for the better. Conversely, Marxists view religion as acting as a conservative force because they propose it prevents revolutionary change.Marx argued that religion is an important form of social control. All through history the church has acted in such a way that people conform to it. This was done through God and Hell, which were exercised as a deterrent. The people in power quickly realised that religion had a great hold over the population and so it became part of â€Å"the power group†. For example, Kings used to give money or land to the church in exchange, the church would preach the peasants whatever the monarchy told them to. Even in today’s society, Queen Elizabeth still has the title â€Å"Defender of the faith† and she is also head of the Church of England.Illustrating that those in power, still have control over the church, and what the republic hear. Marx explo red how the dominant ideology was conveyed through sermons, and Bible teachings. These sermons and Bible teachings could be said to consist of a false hope for some people. Many of the Bible stories communicate that idea that if you are poor in this life and you suffer, when you die you will be rewarded by God in Heaven. These promises of a perfect afterlife, keep the working classes in their place; reducing their aspiration to change society.The Caste system in India is a good model of how religion keeps people in their places. The Hindu Caste system separates the people into four different classes, depending on their occupation and family background. The Kshatriyas are the top class and according to the traditional Hindu principles, they are there to protect the people. The Chandalas also known as the untouchables are the lowest class, and are discriminated against as they are believed not to follow the â€Å"true† Hindu faith. It used to be that these people were not allow ed to walk around the village or city during day time, or speak to anyone other than other Untouchables.The Cate system was enforced through law books, religious teachings, kings and the threatening of being punished in this life and the next if you question which class you are placed in to; again preventing people from changing their social conditions due to fear of God but leaving the alienated. In contrast to this, Althusser rejects the concept of alienation because he feels it is unscientific, and based on an idealistic theory that human being have â€Å"true self†. Nevertheless, Functionalist Michael Robert Bella stated that in modern societies that state connects with religion to unite the country.This is known as a â€Å"Civil religion†. Through creating a religion around the idea of a nation state, the religion acts as a value consensus; creating social solidarity. For example, in America the people pledge their allegiance to the flag, to honour their country a nd to God. On the dollar bills, the words â€Å"In God we trust† are printed, to remind people that God is there for them no matter what. Bella accentuates that religion is not a force for social change as it united a society and makes it stronger as it holds something in common, that being a belief in God.On the contrary, Neo-Marxist Gramsci looked into Hegemony, which is the way in which the ruling class maintain their privileged positions by making them seemed justified. In this instance, Gramsci looks at how hegemony occurs through religious ideas, rather than coercion. The ruling class rely heavily on the majority of the population consenting to their rule. During the 1920’s Gramsci observed that there was a large amount of traditional moral control of the Church in helping to gain support for Mussolini’s fascist regime in Italy.This highlights how the ruling class and religion combined to reach a certain goal, and to achieve the population’s approva l. However, Gramsci also specified that religion does have to potential to develop and either support or challenge the ruling class. For example, The Archbishop of Canterbury recently published his highly critical feelings of the Conservative parties polices. Also the â€Å"Stop Capitalism† campaign outside St Pauls Cathedral was primarily supported by the church; allowing the protesters to correspond their thoughts on our society.This stressed Gramsci’s point that the church is not directly under the influence of the ruling class, and so does have the potential to create social change if an anti-hegemony situation occurs. As well at this, Functionalist Parsons, declared that religion is a positive force in times of uncertainty. People turn to religion to answer those â€Å"ultimate questions† about life, such as â€Å"What is the point? † Parsons maintained that in situations like death, marriage and birth, people turn to God for answers and hope. Religi on does not create social change, as it is not intending to do so.Religion is there for when a person is scared, looking for salvation or just needs someone to care about them. Similar to Parsons, Malinowski, who was an anthropologist, carried out a study to find out if all societies had a religion. He travelled to an ancient society in The Trobiand. Malinowski observed that when the men went out of the lagoon to fish, entering into the open water, it was seen as a highly dangerous event, which not everyone would come back from. He then went on to see that before the men left the lagoon a ritual of yam giving took place.It appeared to Malinowski, that this was a religious ceremony which gave consolation to the families as well as wider society. Consequently, a Functionalist may assert the point that religion does not provide social change, as again it is there to produce social solidarity, in the way that it aids people, giving them something in common again to minimise the risk of anyone feeling unwanted or alone. Conversely, recent research on the Trobiand islands has challenged Malinowski’s research and his interpretation of the meaning of yam giving.Whilst carrying out his research Malinowski did not speak directly to the people, he simply observed; placing his own version of events onto the situation. Modern research has shown, through the use if interpertistic techniques, that the yam giving was a marriage intension, much like a proposal rather than being worried about the fishermen. The modern researches were not looking at what the action was, unlike Malinowski, they were looking at what the meaning behind the action was (commonly known as Verstehen. ) This new research brings to light the fact that these people, who appeared to have no religion, were living happily with each other.This could them further suggest that if religion was introduced to them, their society could change because it something they have never needed to consider before, co nsequently implying that religion could be a force for social change, if it is introduced as a completely alien topic. In addition, Weber wrote â€Å"The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism† examining how Protestantism was a huge part of how society changed into a capitalist economy. He claims that the values of ascetic Calvinist Protestantism shaped a work ethic which encouraged capitalism.Calvinists believed in â€Å"predestination†, the theory that God chooses whether you go to heaven or hell before you are born. This formed a psychological problem for Calvinists, as they did not know if they were one of the â€Å"elect†. As a solution to this they developed a set of values that expressed hard work, frugality and the growth of wealth. These ethics inherently led to the â€Å"spirit of capitalism†, and Weber assured that this is why Capitalism first developed in Northern Europe, where Calvinism and Protestantism were most commanding. Weberâ₠¬â„¢s research is a firm paradigm of religion generating social transformation.His research is still useful when looking at today’s societies, with countries such as Germany and Sweden which converted to Protestantism, and are model countries economically. Whereas, countries which are still Catholic like Spain and Greece are in a financial crisis. Lastly, many feminists view religion as being a patriarchal institution that presents inequalities through religious beliefs; functioning via a patriarchal ideology. Feminist’s dispute that most of the religious organisations are male dominated. Judaism and Catholicism forbid women from becoming priests.Karen Armstrong debates that the clear discrimination against women in this manner, is evidence of women’s demotion. As well as this, in places of worship the two sexes are often segregated, the women being put at the back perhaps behind screen, whilst the men are in the sacred areas. Sometimes women are not allowed to participate in the practices, this maybe reading out a passage or preaching. In the Islamic culture, women are menstruating are not allowed to the Qur’an and could be asked to leave the place of worship all together, so as not to pollute of contaminate the sacred environment.In many of the sacred texts, like the Bible, women are stereotyped as a temptress and blamed for anything that goes wrong, For example, in Genesis Eve creates the fall of humanity by picking the fruit from the forbidden tree of knowledge. This is ironic as the entirety of the Bible stories are supposedly written by men. However, before the rise of Christianity women were not always seen as the males subordinate. Armstrong identifies that in early religions women were central in the beliefs, being the mother of goodness and nature. It wasn’t until Patriarchy began that women lost their godly statuses.This could suggest that when Christianity rose, and people read about the evil of women, Patriarchy was promoted, as women are referred to in the Bible as â€Å"man’s helper†; giving men power to rule over women. Therefore, a feminist may argue that religion does create social change but in a negative way, as it inspired men to take control of women and oppress them, as punishment for their â€Å"sins†. In conclusion, Functionalism and Marxism have strong arguments which describe how religions help to maintain social order and counteract social change.A Marxist may also say social change does not occur through religion, as the ruling class want it to stay the same. Juxtaposing this view, history has revealed that in some extreme cases such as the â€Å"Liberation theology† religion has been a positive force for social change. Whereas, a feminist could say religion has been a negative force for social change as seen throughout the history of women’s oppression. For that reason, I would say religion is a force for social change, but only in extreme conditions where the change happens on a considerable scale.